Theories Flashcards

Question

Mimesis

Answer 1

Structural

Answer 2

Satir/Communications

Answer 3

Cognitive Behavioral

Answer 4

Solution focused

Answer 5

Structural

Answer 6

Cognitive Behavioral

Answer 7

Client-Centered/Humanistic

Answer 8

Existential

Answer 9

Obejct-Relations/Psychodynamic

Answer 10

Solution Focused

Answer 11

Existential

Answer 12

Satir/Communications

Answer 13

Existential

Answer 14

Structural

Answer 15

Solution Focused

Answer 16

Structural

Answer 17

Object-Relations/Psychodynamic

Answer 18

Satir/Communications

Answer 19

Solution Focused

Answer 20

Solution Focused

Answer 21

Existential

Answer 22

Client-Centered/Humanistic

Answer 23

Client-Centered/Humanistic

Answer 24

Client-Centered/Humanistic

Answer 25

Satir/Communications &. Bowen

Answer 26

Structural

Answer 27

Client-Centered/Humanistic

Answer 28

Structural

Answer 29

General Systems Theory

Answer 30

Change occurs through exploration of past and current relational attachments and trauma in the environment of a healing, secure, and reliable relationship.

Answer 31

Create a secure base for clients to explore their emotional experiences past and present

Answer 32

Gain insight of patterns developed from family of origin Learn to regulate affect Resolve social/emotional disruptions Improve attachments

Answer 33

An organized pattern of signals and responses that leads to the development of a protecting and trusting relationship

Answer 34

Access to a wide range of emotions Has a balanced view of parents and has worked through past hurts Strong sense of self Empathy for others

Answer 35

Embroiled with anger/hurt at parents Value intimacy to the point of over-dependence Fear of abandonment

Answer 36

Dismisses the importance of love/connection Often idealizes parents Shallow self-reflection, dismiss emotions Difficulty tolerating emotions of others

Answer 37

History of trauma or loss Dismiss the importance of love/connection out of feelings of unworthiness Difficulty trusting others

Answer 38

Attunement Secure Base Identify attachment style, family of origin dynamics, current impact

Answer 39

Explore disruptions in relationships Regulate and express emotions Self-reflection

Answer 40

Repair - alter patient reactions by showing therapist's interpretation and create a new reality

Answer 41

Change occurs by understanding multigenerational dynamics and differentiation

Answer 42

Coach/Educator Supervisor Investigator Neutral

Answer 43

Reduce anxiety and emotional turmoil within family Self-differentiate from family Decrease emotional fusion Improve communication Decrease dysfunctional patterns Reduce emotional reactivity Facilitate de-triangulation

Answer 44

Three-person relationship, where tension in one relationship is diffused by inclusion of another.

Answer 45

The difference between an individual and the groups they are part of, specifically family.

Answer 46

Four basic relationship patterns from which family problems arise: Marital Conflict Dysfunction in a Spouse Impairment of child(ren) Emotional Distance

Answer 47

The primary way the parents transmit their emotions to their children

Answer 48

Small changes in differentiation between parent/child can lead to increased differentiation among members of a multigenerational family

Answer 49

Managing unresolved issues with someone by cutting off emotional contact with them

Answer 50

A study of family history that acts as an assessment and treatment tool.

Answer 51

Have client talk to therapist instead of directly family member Reframing the problem as multigenerational Genogram De-Triangulation Increase Differentiation Teaching "I" Statements Opening Cutoff Relationships Interacts with Family - interrupts arguments Models new ways to interact and communicate Bibliotherapy

Answer 52

Genogram Assess Triangulation Identify dysfunctional generational patterns

Answer 53

Teach differentiation through modeling communication skills de-triangulation Encourage re-unification from cut-offs Teach individuals to take responsibility for their own emotions

Answer 54

Review skills and knowledge gained in therapy

Answer 55

Change occurs by modifying thought patterns

Answer 56

Collaborative teacher with structured learning experiences Teach coping skills Assign homework

Answer 57

Recognize, examine, and replace negative thought patterns Relief of symptoms Develop positive coping skills and strategies

Answer 58

View of self View of world View of prospects for the future

Answer 59

Thoughts that we're not aware of and go unexamined.

Answer 60

Automatic thoughts that are negative or based on distortions

Answer 61

A network of rules for information processing shaped by developmental influences and life events.

Answer 62

Meaning from a single event is applied as a pattern.

Answer 63

Drawing conclusions with evidence or supporting facts.

Answer 64

Attending to details while ignoring the context

Answer 65

Seeing yourself as the cause of a negative event

Answer 66

Extreme, black-or-white thinking

Answer 67

Teach the Negative Triad Socratic Questioning Reframing Cognitive Restructuring Homework Self-monitoring Behavioral Experiments Systematic Desensitization Anxiety Management Training Assertiveness Training Behavioral Activation Communication Skills Training Downward Arrow Exposure Finding Alternatives Labeling Distortions Mastery/Pleasure Rating Opposite Action Problem-Solving Training Relaxation Training Successive Approximation Three-Column Technique Thought Record

Answer 68

Establish therapeutic relationship Functional analysis Psychoeducate Set collaborative goals

Answer 69

Identify negative thought patterns Uncover negative schemas Assign homework Label cognitive distortions Reframe thoughts learn/practice new skills and behaviors

Answer 70

Review gains Identify skills developed Rehearse new situations Anticipate future struggles.

Answer 71

Change occurs by creating conditions for growth using the therapeutic relationship and through: congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathy.

Answer 72

Nondirective Facilitator Believes in the client's ability to grow

Answer 73

Self-acceptance Congruence Increased self-understanding Decreased defensiveness, insecurity, and guilt Improved relationships Ability to express feelings in the here and now

Answer 74

Being authentic and transparent

Answer 75

Compete acceptance and non-judgment

Answer 76

Therapist senses the client's feelings and meanings and communicates understanding.

Answer 77

Reaching for the highest potential

Answer 78

The client takes control of their life instead of looking to others.

Answer 79

The client leads the discussion.

Answer 80

Change occurs through mindfulness, accepting uncomfortable thoughts, developing skills for emotion regulation and distress tolerance, and improving problem-solving skills.

Answer 81

Ally Validate and offer alternatives Coach

Answer 82

Improve emotional and cognitive regulation

Answer 83

Being fully aware and present

Answer 84

The ability to tolerate pain and discomfort.

Answer 85

Asking for your needs and setting boundaries while maintaining self-respecting relationships.

Answer 86

Being able to modulate your emotions as desired.

Answer 87

Skill-building tasks assigned between sessions.

Answer 88

Increasing behavioral control Teach mindfulness and distress tolerance Address self-harm behaviors

Answer 89

Fuller emotional experience Learning to live Develop self-respect Find peace and happiness

Answer 90

Find deeper meaning through spiritual experience.

Answer 91

Change occurs through awareness, acceptance, reflection, and regulation of emotions.

Answer 92

Process consultant Helps the client understand and experience their emotion, including dismissed emotions Assist the client in making productive use of their emotions

Answer 93

Learn to engage with feelings, memories, thoughts, and physical sensations Develop news interactions between a couple that foster a secure attachment.

Answer 94

Identify core wounds Identify the negative interaction cycle of the couple Access underlying emotions and unmet needs Reframe the problem as the cycle

Answer 95

Access fears, needs, and self and integrate them into the relationship Promote acceptance of the partner's new sense of self Facilitate expression of needs & wants to create emotional engagement

Answer 96

Facilitate new solutions to old problems Consolidate new relational positions and cycles of attachment.

Answer 97

Change occurs through finding meaning in the face of anxiety, choosing to think and act authentically and responsibly.

Answer 98

Be a "real" other Be present Focus the client on personal responsibility for making decisions.

Answer 99

Discover their own life meaning Confront anxiety inherent in living Experience agency and responsibility in constructing their life.

Answer 100

Capacity for self-awareness Responsibility comes with freedom Unique identity that is known through relationship Individuals must recreate themselves. Meaning and existence isn't fixed Anxiety is part of the human condition Death gives significance to life.

Answer 101

Process over content Holding - holding up the problem so it may be seen, remembered, and re-experienced. Empathetic Availability Naming emotionally difficult experiences with the support of the therapist. Mastering the emotional pain - discovering unique healing activities the help the client Honoring the pain - celebrating the meaning and potential opportunities that the client can use.

Answer 102

Change happens through the existential encounter, which expands the client's experience.

Answer 103

Authentically being Playful, creative

Answer 104

Growth and increased flexibility.

Answer 105

The therapist establishes the rules for treatment, including the requirement for the whole family to attend therapy.

Answer 106

The family must take initiative for change.

Answer 107

Conceptualizing the roles, boundaries, beliefs, history, and levels of conflict within the family.

Answer 108

Anxiety is reframed as efforts toward competence.

Answer 109

Finding solutions in creative interactions and tapping in to the irrational side.

Answer 110

Battle for structure Encourage whole family to attend Family wins the battle of initiative Trial of Labor - Gather information about roles, coalitions, boundaries, and levels of conflict

Answer 111

Develop a sense of cohesion Create alternative interactions Highlight inappropriate boundaries Role-plays, and play scenarios

Answer 112

Highlight accomplishments and reflect on growth Identify potential blocks to future growth Role-play future scenarios Members share about their experience

Answer 113

Change occurs by helping the system view the problem within the context of the family, not singling out an problem individual

Answer 114

The therapist helps the family explore: belief systems, expectations, and family values, rules and roles within the family, the family heirarchy, defense mechanisms and their purpose

Answer 115

Systems resist change. Negative feedback loops maintain prevent a system from changing.

Answer 116

Information and behavioral pathways that help a system balance and correct itself.

Answer 117

Behavioral reactions that amplify departures from the system's normal state. Destabilizes the system and allows change.

Answer 118

Behavioral reactions used to prevent departures from the system's normal state. Prevent change.

Answer 119

The normal operational system of the family

Answer 120

A system is greater than the sum of it's parts. The parts impact the whole.

Answer 121

The same result can be achieved by different family systems.

Answer 122

The same experience in a family system can create different results.

Answer 123

Surface level changes, that do not impact the system.

Answer 124

Changes that fundamentally alter a system's rules and organization.

Answer 125

Treating the family system as a whole

Answer 126

Borders between parts of the system and between different systems, supported by implicit and explicit rules.

Answer 127

A system that allows for the continuous flow of information from outside the system.

Answer 128

A system that has boundaries that are impenetrable

Answer 129

Move the system toward equillibrium Explore healthier interactions Challenge and rework the family's beliefs Help family members see their role in a dynamic Help family understand the experiences and perceptions of other family members Correct problematic feedback loops

Answer 130

Observe feedback loops in the family system Explore beliefs, values, rules, roles, heirarchy, expectations, circular casuality between family members Reframe presenting issues as a systemic problem Explore each family member's role in the dysfunction Challenge communication within the system

Answer 131

Change occurs through increased awareness off the here-and-now experience in a dialogic relationship

Answer 132

The therapist is an authentic, present other Non-directive and non-judgmental Increases the client's awareness in the present moment

Answer 133

Describing your experience without making interpretations

Answer 134

The therapist's presence allows the client to be fully present.

Answer 135

The therapist uses experiments to support the client in experiencing something new.

Answer 136

The past is discussed in light of how it impacts the present.

Answer 137

Empty Chair Technique Experiments Body Techniques Focus on the process

Answer 138

Change is elicited by helping the client resolve ambivalence and connecting to the client's values

Answer 139

The therapist engages with the client without passing judgment as they try to understand their perspective

Answer 140

Highlighting discrepancies between the client's expressed values and behaviors.

Answer 141

Using empathy to demonstrate understanding of the client's ambivalence.

Answer 142

Recognize and highlight the client's strengths to elicit hope in their capacity for change.

Answer 143

Client may express negative consequences of problem, but aren't ready to change and may defend their behavior.

Answer 144

Clients recognize their problem, but remain ambivalent about change.

Answer 145

Clients are ready to make change and are taking responsibility for their role in the change process.

Answer 146

Clients are actively engage in changing their behaviors and recognize their need for assistance.

Answer 147

Client's have developed some efficiency and are working to consolidate changes.

Answer 148

Open-ended Questions Affirmations Reflecting Summarizing

Answer 149

Change occurs when the client sees the problem as separate from themself and a new narrative is created that supports the client's competencies and strengths.

Answer 150

Collaborator Investigator Curious View the client as the expert of their life Co-author of the client's new narratives

Answer 151

Understand the problem-saturated story and externalize the problem Deconstruct the problem-saturated stories in order to create healthier narratives Bring greater awareness to client's strengths and competencies Increase client's sense of control over the direction of their llife.

Answer 152

The dominant and unhealthy stories an individual tells themself

Answer 153

A healthier story that an individual develops

Answer 154

The dominant unhealthy narrative that a person maintains (repetitive, detailed, problem-saturated)

Answer 155

The alternate story being developed, which is less detailed. Intended to build the story up to become thick.

Answer 156

Questions are asked to help separate the client from the problem.

Answer 157

The therapist will ask questions to erode the problem-saturated story.

Answer 158

The therapist asks questions to understand the impact of the problem in the client's life.

Answer 159

The therapist asks questions to highlight times the client was able to overcome or resist the problem.

Answer 160

The client tells their new story to a witness who helps thicken the new story.

Answer 161

A written document that reinforces the client's new story.

Answer 162

Client shares problem-saturated story Externalize the problem Map the influence Explore unique outcomes Reauthorize their story Enlist a witness

Answer 163

Client tells the problem saturated story

Answer 164

The problem is externalized Mapping the influence Unique Outcomes Enlist a witness

Answer 165

Create an artifact Document and support new narrative

Answer 166

Change occurs through reparative experiences with the therapist, new insight, and modification of object relations pathology

Answer 167

Neutral Emphasis on transference and countertransference Therapist as new and good object

Answer 168

Corrective emotional experiences that build new object relations Insight into impact of past relationships Improve relationships with self and others

Answer 169

People in the external world.

Answer 170

Early infant-caretaker interactions lead to the internalization of basic attitudes of the caretaker toward self Characteristic relational patterns Repertoire of defenses and internal capacities

Answer 171

Infants for images of themselves and others. Once formed, they are fundamental internal structures that impact the way they see themselves and others.

Answer 172

The structure responsible for dealing with the world, instituting defense mechanisms, internalizing external objects, integrating and synthesizing self and object-representations

Answer 173

When two contradictory states are compartmentalized and not integrated

Answer 174

Projecting undesirable feelings or emotions onto someone else rather than acknowledging them.

Answer 175

A psychological process where an individual will project feelings or beliefs onto a person and the second person begins to identify with or experience those beliefs or feelings.

Answer 176

Taking on the behaviors, attributes, or fragments of other people or the environment.

Answer 177

Establish a holding environment Exploration of the client's experience Empathy Maintaining neutrality

Answer 178

Interpretation Confront resistance & defenses Explore transference/countertransference Identify and process projective identification

Answer 179

Termination Abandonment issues Consolidate interpretations Review insights

Answer 180

Change occurs through insight and understanding unresolved issues.

Answer 181

Nondirective Corrective emotional experience

Answer 182

Early wounding relationships, or patterns from these relationships, are unconsciously reenacted in current relationships

Answer 183

Infants and children form attachment relationships with their caregivers. These patterns are repeated and cause difficulty in adult relationships.

Answer 184

Unconscious techniques used by a person to strengthen their ego and protect themselves from negative thoughts and feelings associated with past experiences.

Answer 185

The client transfers unresolved emotions from past relationships onto the therapist.

Answer 186

The therapist transfers unresolved emotions from past relationships onto the client.

Answer 187

The therapist verbally communicates their hypothesis regarding the impact of the client's past on their presenting issues.

Answer 188

Establish a holding environment Listening Exploration of the client's experience Empathy Interpretation Maintaining neutrality

Answer 189

Promote insight and growth increase individuation work through termination/abandonment

Answer 190

Terminate when the client is able to put insights into action

Answer 191

Uncover/Interpret unconscious impulses and defenses Examine client's self-awareness and understanding of the influence of the past Enhance client's ego strength and self-esteem Decrease use of unhealthy defense mechanisms Allow the client to access painful feelings in a safe environment, experience true feelings, and resolve inner conflict Examine early relationships, attachments, and interactions to discover projections.

Answer 192

Establish a holding environment/secure attachment Observe and reflect client projections Point out patterns of distortion and manipulations used in relationships Avoid being pulled into the client's maladaptive patterns Identify and resolve underlying causes of internal and relational conflict Interpret transference

Answer 193

Change occurs when irrational beliefs are changed to rational beliefs, which improves functioning.

Answer 194

Instructor Confrontational Direct

Answer 195

Alter illogical beliefs and thought patterns

Answer 196

An event that triggers thought and feelings

Answer 197

The beliefs or meaning made from the activating event

Answer 198

The emotional response from the beliefs or meaning you make.

Answer 199

Feeling excessively upset by other's mistakes or misconduct Believing you have to be 100 competent to be worthy Believing you will be happier if you avoid difficulty or challenges Believing you have no control over your happiness and believe external forces will help.

Answer 200

Accepting the good and bad parts of self while being able to feel just as worthy as others.

Answer 201

Understanding that others will treat you unfairly at times and it's not a statement of their worthiness.

Answer 202

Accepting that there are good and bad parts of life, but even when it doesn't go your way, it's never completely unbearable.

Answer 203

Psychoeducation Identify irrational thought problems/patterns and resulting feelings and behaviors.

Answer 204

Challenging mistaken beliefs with confrontation Meditation, journaling, guided imagery.

Answer 205

Review progress and apply skills to anticipated future struggles.

Answer 206

Change occurs through self-awareness and increased communication.

Answer 207

Active facilitator Resource detective Genuine & warm Honest & direct.

Answer 208

Increase congruent communication Improve self-esteem/confidence/personal growth

Answer 209

Discrepancies between verbal and non-verbal cues.

Answer 210

The rules that govern family interaction ensure that the family will maintain its current functional level.

Answer 211

Apologizes, never disagrees, people pleasing

Answer 212

Attacks others, finds faults, dictator, boss

Answer 213

Super reasonable, intellectual, distant, always correct

Answer 214

Seeks approval by acting out, irrelevant

Answer 215

Congruent in their beliefs about self and others.

Answer 216

Using I messages Expresses thoughts directly Avoids statements about what others are thinking or feeling Honest

Answer 217

Gather history as far back as possible Understand ideologies, values, rules, disruptions, moves, and major events. Important experiences and struggles How unresolved past issues are carried out in current functioning

Answer 218

A physical representation of family members characterizations.

Answer 219

Clients should take responsibility for their feelings, experiences, and the meanings they make.

Answer 220

Used to help clients understand their roles.

Answer 221

Assisting clients to create more functional, less rigid guidelines.

Answer 222

Establish rapport, equity, and hope. Assess communication patterns, stances, and concerns. Identify treatment focus and goals.

Answer 223

Increase congruent communication. Strengthen sense of uniqueness and self-esteem

Answer 224

Help family practice, implement, and integrate changes. Increase awareness of larger familial patterns.

Answer 225

Change occurs through empathetic attunement and strengthening of self-structures through optimal responsiveness.

Answer 226

Empathetic understanding Optimal responsiveness Allows self-object transferences and the repair of disruptions

Answer 227

Developing self-cohesion and self-esteem Locating better self-objects

Answer 228

One's experience of another person (object) as part of, rather than as separate and independent from, one's self, particularly when the object's actions affirm one's narcissistic well-being.

Answer 229

Mirroring, idealization of others, twin/alter ego

Answer 230

Approving and confirming responses

Answer 231

When a self-object is needed, but not available, it frustrates the client and creates an opportunity to self-soothe.

Answer 232

Seeking acceptance and confirmation of the self.

Answer 233

Experiencing the therapist as someone they have similarities with.

Answer 234

Idealizing and admiring the therapist, especially initially.

Answer 235

The client's need/ability to oppose the therapist.

Answer 236

Imagining what it is like to be the client.

Answer 237

Establish a holding environment Demonstrate that the therapist is able to provide containment Provide "experience-near" empathy Explore the client's problem and history

Answer 238

Repair disruptions of the self-object transference Addressing enactments Empathizing with loss Mourning loss of self-objects Mourning ambition and fantasies Identifying alternative self-objects

Answer 239

Reflect on the treatment process Acknowledge and process issues related to termination

Answer 240

Depression Sexual fears/guilt Past sexual trauma Interpersonal problems Anxiety

Answer 241

Drugs Alcohol Nicotine Narcotics Stimulants Psychotherapeutic Drugs Premenstrual Syndrome Pregnancy Postpartum Menopause Hormonal deficiencies Los Testosterone

Answer 242

Partner performance and technique Relationship quality and conflict

Answer 243

Inadequate sexual education Conflict with religious, personal, or family values Societal taboos

Answer 244

The clients gain understanding of the problem and remove stigma/blame.

Answer 245

A variety of behavioral techniques used to confront thought distortions and overcome here-and-now problems.

Answer 246

Starting with low anxiety exercises and increasing to higher anxiety exercises to increase tolerance so that anxiety does not interfere with pleasure.

Answer 247

When the problems are relational, couples therapy is indicated.

Answer 248

Neutrality Manage Countertransference Brief Therapy Directive

Answer 249

When someone is critically watching their sexual performance rather than being present and responsive to the experience.

Answer 250

A desensitization technique that replaces anxiety with pleasure.

Answer 251

Temporarily increasing and then gradually withdrawing clitoral stimulation to allow the female to have orgasm with intercourse alone.

Answer 252

Slow, rhythmic back and forth gliding movements so the penis and clitoris stimulate each other during intercourse.

Answer 253

Used to treat inhibited female orgasm.

Answer 254

Used to treat premature ejaculation. Stimulating the penis toward early sensations of orgasm then pausing before beginning again.

Answer 255

Partner stimulates the penis toward early sensations of orgasm then the partner grabs the penis and holds for 3-4 seconds before beginning again.

Answer 256

Change occurs through accessing client's strengths and resources.

Answer 257

Consultant, Coach

Answer 258

Client implements changes to achieve their preferred future. Client builds on strengths and resources

Answer 259

Exploring a time in the client's life when they don't experience the problem and noticing what was/is different.

Answer 260

The client is asked to envision a future when the problem is solved and examines what their life looks like and what is different.

Answer 261

The client is asked to scale their situation 0-10 and then is asked what it would take for them to move up on the scale and what level they would be content.

Answer 262

Instead of focusing on the problem the client is asked what has improved.

Answer 263

The clients current coping skills are explored to illustrate resources the client already has.

Answer 264

The therapist regularly acknowledges the client's progress, strengths and resources

Answer 265

Join with client competencies Envision preferred future Begin to identify client's strengths Use solution-oriented language Come up with achievable goals

Answer 266

Identify resources client has to deal with the problem Use solution-talk Identify exceptions to problems Utilize scaling questions Feedback that includes compliments and tasks Highlight small changes Cheerleading

Answer 267

Identify steps to continue the changes Identify hurdles or barriers to change

Answer 268

Change occurs through action-oriented directives and paradoxical interventions.

Answer 269

Deliver directives that facilitate change Focus on solving problems/eliminating symptoms Design a specific approach for the particular problems.

Answer 270

Solve the presenting problem Change dysfunctional patterns of interaction

Answer 271

Actions that appear to contradict the goals of therapy, but help to undermine resistance.

Answer 272

The therapist takes an exaggerated position on the problem, that forces the family to rebel.

Answer 273

Practicing new family dynamics around the presenting problem outside of session.

Answer 274

The clients are encouraged to engage in the symptom.

Answer 275

The therapist will discourage change or changing to quickly in order to elicit a desire to change from the client.

Answer 276

Clients are encouraged to carry out harmless but unpleasant tasks whenever symptoms occur.

Answer 277

Define the problem determine how the client understands the problem Assess family's destructive patterns of relating and communicating State goals

Answer 278

Review attempted solutions assign ordeals prescribe the problem relabel behavior Instruct the client to respond to the problem differently

Answer 279

Plan for maintenance of the new behaviors Plan for future challenges Emphasize positive changes made

Answer 280

Change occurs through restructuring the family's organization

Answer 281

Active and involved Helps the family understand how family structure can be changed

Answer 282

Subgroups within a family grouped by gender, generation, or developmental task

Answer 283

Alignments within a family, where 2 or more team up against a family member

Answer 284

The adults must provide leadership otherwise there is chaos.

Answer 285

Families organize themselves by smaller groups within the family unit.

Answer 286

A tool use by the therapist to conceptualize the relational dynamics within the family.

Answer 287

When family members isolate from each other.

Answer 288

When family members are overly dependent, too involved, and overly reactive to other family members.

Answer 289

Blending in with the family and adapting to their affect, style, and language.

Answer 290

Paying close attention to family interactions and enactments, noticing boundaries, coalitions, roles, and rules.

Answer 291

The therapist tracks the family style of communication and uses it.

Answer 292

Supporting a family member in a one-down position in order to change the heirarchical position.

Answer 293

Giving a different and more useful perspective of the presenting problem.

Answer 294

Situations where therapists direct family members to interact in order to highlight and change problematic patterns and relationships

Answer 295

An enactment technique that helps families identify, explore, and establish clear boundaries and hierarchies between subsystems within the family system.

Answer 296

Join with family Accommodate to and challenge rules of the family system Assessment/Mapping of the hierarchy, alignments, and boundaries Reframe the problem to include the whole system

Answer 297

Highlight and modify interactions Utilize enactments of issues to challenge participants and unbalance the system

Answer 298

Review progress made reinforce structural change Provide tools for future