Theories Flashcards
Awareness of the here and now
Gestalt
Reparative experiences with therapist
Object Relations/Psychodynamic
Identify unique outcomes
Narrative
Emphasis on finding solutions not on discovering the cause or origins of the problem
Solution Focused
Therapist is non-directive
Client-Centered/Humanistic
Change occurs through ation-oriented directives
Stategic
Restructure the family’s organization
Structural
Philosophical meaning in the face of anxiety
Existential
Change occurs by learning to modify dysfunctional thought patterns
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Increase the client’s awareness in the present moment
Gestalt
Insight-oriented
Object-Relations/Psychodynamic
Choosing to think and act responsibly
Existential
Enlist a witness
Narrative
Accessing client’s strengths and resources
Solution Focused
Paradoxical Interventions
Strategic
Systematic Desensitization
Cognitive Behavioral
Exploring experience by description
Gestalt
Emphasis on transference and countertransference
Object-relations/Psychodynamic
Finding alternatives
CBT
Empty Chair Technique
Gestalt
Thought record
Cognitive Behavioral
Projection Identification
Object-Relations/Psychodynamic
Restraining
Strategic
Client confronts anxiety inherent in living
Existential
Mimesis
Structural
Increase Congruent Communication
Satir/Communications
Understanding Multigenerational Dynamics
Bowen
Relaxation Techniques
Cognitive Behavioral
Exception Question
Solution focused
Unbalancing
Structural
Maladaptive Automatic Thoughts
Cognitive Behavioral
Congruence/Genuineness
Client-Centered/Humanistic
Anxiety is part of the human condition
Existential
Promotes insight and growth through interpretation
Obejct-Relations/Psychodynamic
Miracle Question
Solution Focused
Telling, talking about, and naming emotional pain.
Existential
Family Life Chronology
Satir/Communications
Prescribing the Symptom
Strategic
Deconstruct problem-saturated stories
Narrative
Honoring the Pain
Existential
Enactment
Structural
Differentiation
Bowen
Monitor thoughts and moods
CBT
Scaling Questions
Solution Focused
Ordeals
Strategic
Reduce anxiety and emotional turmoil in family system
Bowen
Use Experiments
Gestalt
Rearrange how people sit together in the room
Structural
Establish a holding environment
Object-Relations/Psychodynamic
Family sculpting
Satir/Communications
Coping Questions
Solution Focused
Affirmations/Compliments
Solution Focused
Everyone must accept the responsibility that comes with freedom
Existential
Therapist is directive
Strategic
Unconditional positive regard
Client-Centered/Humanistic
Body Awareness
Gestalt
Empathy
Client-Centered/Humanistic
Self-Actualization
Client-Centered/Humanistic
Facilitate Detriangulation
Bowen
Exposure
CBT
Understand the problem’s effects
Narrative
Labeling Distortions
CBT
Teach “I Statements”
Satir/Communications &. Bowen
Emotional Cutoff
Bowen
Three Column Technique
CBT
Reframing family dynamic as the “problem.”
Structural
Separate the client from their problems
Narrative
Shema
CBT
Self-Acceptance
Client-Centered/Humanistic
Write a letter to self or others
Narrative
Boundary Making
Structural
Mindfulness
DBT
Homeostasis
General Systems Theory
Theory of Change: Attachment Theory
Change occurs through exploration of past and current relational attachments and trauma in the environment of a healing, secure, and reliable relationship.
Role of Therapist: Attachment Theory
Create a secure base for clients to explore their emotional experiences past and present
Treatment Goals: Attachment Theory
Gain insight of patterns developed from family of origin
Learn to regulate affect
Resolve social/emotional disruptions
Improve attachments
Key Concept: Attachment Behavior System (AF)
An organized pattern of signals and responses that leads to the development of a protecting and trusting relationship
Key Concept: Secure Attachment (AF)
Access to a wide range of emotions
Has a balanced view of parents and has worked through past hurts
Strong sense of self
Empathy for others
Key Concept: Preoccupied/Anxious Attachment (AF)
Embroiled with anger/hurt at parents
Value intimacy to the point of over-dependence
Fear of abandonment
Key Concept: Dismissive/Avoidant Attachment (AF)
Dismisses the importance of love/connection
Often idealizes parents
Shallow self-reflection, dismiss emotions
Difficulty tolerating emotions of others
Key Concepts: Fearful/Avoidant Attachment (AF)
History of trauma or loss
Dismiss the importance of love/connection out of feelings of unworthiness
Difficulty trusting others
Attachment Theory Beginning Phase
Attunement
Secure Base
Identify attachment style, family of origin dynamics, current impact
Attachment Theory Middle Phase
Explore disruptions in relationships
Regulate and express emotions
Self-reflection
Attachment Theory End Phase
Repair - alter patient reactions by showing therapist’s interpretation and create a new reality
Theory of Change: Bowen
Change occurs by understanding multigenerational dynamics and differentiation
Therapist’s Role: Bowen
Coach/Educator
Supervisor
Investigator
Neutral
Treatment Goals: Bowen
Reduce anxiety and emotional turmoil within family
Self-differentiate from family
Decrease emotional fusion
Improve communication
Decrease dysfunctional patterns
Reduce emotional reactivity
Facilitate de-triangulation
Key Concept: Triangles (Bowen)
Three-person relationship, where tension in one relationship is diffused by inclusion of another.
Key Concept: Differentiation of Self (Bowen)
The difference between an individual and the groups they are part of, specifically family.
Key Concept: Nuclear Family Emotional System (Bowen)
Four basic relationship patterns from which family problems arise:
Marital Conflict
Dysfunction in a Spouse
Impairment of child(ren)
Emotional Distance
Key Concept: Family Projection Process (Bowen)
The primary way the parents transmit their emotions to their children
Key Concept: Multigenerational Transmission Process (Bowen)
Small changes in differentiation between parent/child can lead to increased differentiation among members of a multigenerational family
Key Concept: Emotional Cutoff (Bowen)
Managing unresolved issues with someone by cutting off emotional contact with them
Key Concept: Genogram (Bowen)
A study of family history that acts as an assessment and treatment tool.
Bowenian Interventions
Have client talk to therapist instead of directly family member
Reframing the problem as multigenerational
Genogram
De-Triangulation
Increase Differentiation
Teaching “I” Statements
Opening Cutoff Relationships
Interacts with Family - interrupts arguments
Models new ways to interact and communicate
Bibliotherapy
Bowenian Theory Beginning Phase
Genogram
Assess Triangulation
Identify dysfunctional generational patterns
Bowenian Theory Early/Middle Phase
Teach differentiation through modeling communication skills
de-triangulation
Encourage re-unification from cut-offs
Teach individuals to take responsibility for their own emotions
Bowenian Theory End Phase
Review skills and knowledge gained in therapy
Theory of Change: CBT
Change occurs by modifying thought patterns
Role of Therapist: CBT
Collaborative teacher with structured learning experiences
Teach coping skills
Assign homework
Treatment Goals: CBT
Recognize, examine, and replace negative thought patterns
Relief of symptoms
Develop positive coping skills and strategies
Key Concept: Negative Cognitive Triad (CBT)
View of self
View of world
View of prospects for the future
Key Concept: Automatic Thoughts (CBT)
Thoughts that we’re not aware of and go unexamined.
Key Concept: Maladaptive Automatic Thoughts (CBT)
Automatic thoughts that are negative or based on distortions
Key Concept: Schemas (CBT)
A network of rules for information processing shaped by developmental influences and life events.
Key Concept: Overgeneralization (CBT)
Meaning from a single event is applied as a pattern.
Key Concept: Arbitrary Inference (CBT)
Drawing conclusions with evidence or supporting facts.
Key Concept: Selective Abstraction (CBT)
Attending to details while ignoring the context
Key Concept: Personalization (CBT)
Seeing yourself as the cause of a negative event
Key Concept: Polarized Thinking (CBT)
Extreme, black-or-white thinking
CBT Interventions
Teach the Negative Triad
Socratic Questioning
Reframing
Cognitive Restructuring
Homework
Self-monitoring
Behavioral Experiments
Systematic Desensitization
Anxiety Management Training
Assertiveness Training
Behavioral Activation
Communication Skills Training
Downward Arrow
Exposure
Finding Alternatives
Labeling Distortions
Mastery/Pleasure Rating
Opposite Action
Problem-Solving Training
Relaxation Training
Successive Approximation
Three-Column Technique
Thought Record
CBT Beginning Phase
Establish therapeutic relationship
Functional analysis
Psychoeducate
Set collaborative goals
CBT Early/Middle Phase
Identify negative thought patterns
Uncover negative schemas
Assign homework
Label cognitive distortions
Reframe thoughts
learn/practice new skills and behaviors
CBT End Phase
Review gains
Identify skills developed
Rehearse new situations
Anticipate future struggles.
Theory of Change: Client/Person-Centered
Change occurs by creating conditions for growth using the therapeutic relationship and through: congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathy.
Role of the Therapist: Client/Person-Centered
Nondirective
Facilitator
Believes in the client’s ability to grow
Treatment Goals: Client/Person-Centered
Self-acceptance
Congruence
Increased self-understanding
Decreased defensiveness, insecurity, and guilt
Improved relationships
Ability to express feelings in the here and now
Key Concept: Congruence (Client/Person-Centered)
Being authentic and transparent
Key Concept: Unconditional Positive Regard (Client/Person-Centered)
Compete acceptance and non-judgment
Key Concept: Empathy (Client/Person-Centered)
Therapist senses the client’s feelings and meanings and communicates understanding.
Key Concept: Self-Actualization (Client/Person-Centered)
Reaching for the highest potential
Key Concept: Locus of Control (Client/Person-Centered)
The client takes control of their life instead of looking to others.
Key Concept: Non-Directive Therapy (Client/Person-Centered)
The client leads the discussion.
Theory of Change: DBT
Change occurs through mindfulness, accepting uncomfortable thoughts, developing skills for emotion regulation and distress tolerance, and improving problem-solving skills.
Role of the Therapist: DBT
Ally
Validate and offer alternatives
Coach
Treatment Goals: DBT
Improve emotional and cognitive regulation
Key Concepts: Mindfulness (DBT)
Being fully aware and present
Key Concepts: Distress Tolerance (DBT)
The ability to tolerate pain and discomfort.
Key Concepts: Interpersonal Effectiveness (DBT)
Asking for your needs and setting boundaries while maintaining self-respecting relationships.
Key Concepts: Emotion Regulation (DBT)
Being able to modulate your emotions as desired.
Key Concepts: Homework (DBT)
Skill-building tasks assigned between sessions.
DBT Beginning Phase
Increasing behavioral control
Teach mindfulness and distress tolerance
Address self-harm behaviors
DBT Middle Phase
Fuller emotional experience
Learning to live
Develop self-respect
Find peace and happiness
DBT End Phase
Find deeper meaning through spiritual experience.
Theory of Change: EFT
Change occurs through awareness, acceptance, reflection, and regulation of emotions.
Role of the Therapist: EFT
Process consultant
Helps the client understand and experience their emotion, including dismissed emotions
Assist the client in making productive use of their emotions