Theories Flashcards
Self-Determination Theory
all humans have three basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—that underlie growth and development.
A coach centers their practice around supporting their client’s autonomy, building competence, and social-support/connection/relatedness (CAR).
A theory of motivation to support health-enhancing or positive behavior; also done through autonomous motivation (move from extrinsic to intrinsic).
Built on concept that people are naturally oriented toward emotional, physical, and psychological well-being WHEN certain basic needs are met and well-supported.
People are more likely to adopt healthy behaviors or change unhealthy ones when supported in three universal, basic psychological needs for health and well-being: autonomy, competence, and connection.
AUTONOMY (ability to make decisions about one’s life; not feeling persuaded or controlled),
COMPETENCE (having adequate degree of mastery or effectiveness to reach desired outcome),
and CONNECTION OR RELATEDNESS (being connected to others; quality of relationships to assist us/serve as resources).
Social Cognitive Theory (ask Self-Efficacy)
Aka Self-Efficacy Theory
Started as the Social Learning Theory (SLT) in 1960s.
Learning occurs in a social context - by observing interactions btwn people, our environment, and behaviors.
Influenced by one’s trust in their own capabilities (at any level of mastery), learning from the ups and downs, and environmental factors (role models, emotions peaked, social persuasion, etc).
The coaching process cultivates self-efficacy as the client better understands
his/her needs, gains self-awareness and insight that supports behavior change, learns from setbacks, develops new resources, and finds new ways to navigate his/her environment… leading to incentive to face their challenge and overcome it.
The client’s belief in his/her ability to initiate change and achieve goals.
Why is decisional balance important in self-discovery?
Helps the client evaluate pros and cons of changing behavior, as well as pros and cons of not changing behavior.
Stephen Covey’s work (on NBHWC practice exam response)
Stephen Covey’s 4 quadrants:
1: Urgent and important.
2: Not urgent but important.
3: Urgent but not important.
4: Not urgent and not important.
Distinction between urgency and level of importance doesn’t help client clarify willingness or confidence in moving forward (may be more inclined to do what feels urgent even if that’s not as important).
The Covey model is an “inside-out” philosophy, meaning change starts inside us and works its way out. He considered a person’s character to be a collection of habits that consist of skill, knowledge and desire.
How can a coach support a client’s autonomy?
Actively listen and acknowledge client’s perspective, provide variety of choices, and offer reasons they are meaningful/relevant.
Which motivation to change theory includes autonomy, competence, and connection or relatedness?
Self-Determination Theory
What theory is built upon helping people overcome adversity and build self-efficacy?
Social Cognitive Theory
What is the goal of Motivational Interviewing?
Tool for coaches to use when clients are stuck in an ambivalent state - both wanting to change and also wanting to maintain a behavior.
Listen for and affirm any change talk.
Adult Learning Theory
Adult learning theory is based on the idea that adults are self-directed learners who are motivated to learn when it’s relevant to their lives and work
Appreciative Inquiry (and Narrative Coaching)
Appreciative Inquiry is an asset-based approach to organizational and social engagement that utilizes questions and dialogue to help participants uncover existing strengths, advantages, or opportunities in their communities, organizations, or teams.
Pivoting to the positive (aka reframe/refocus) and focusing on the
A collaborative, strengths-based approach to change.
Define, Discover, Dream, Design, Deliver
Implementation Intentions
Ways to gain control over desired actions by making the actions automatic once triggered by a well-placed critical cue in the environment. eg. sneakers by bed; pushups after brush teeth; post it notes
Who can be credited for Positive Psychology work?
Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Erich Fromm
Seligman
What is the focus in Positive Psychology?
Self-efficacy and resiliency
Nonviolent Communication
Observation
Feelings
Needs
Requests
