Diabetes Flashcards
What is Type 1 diabetes?
a chronic autoimmune disease that occurs when the body’s immune system destroys the pancreas’ insulin-producing cells, called beta cells.
What is Type 2 diabetes?
Type II Diabetes: Body develops insulin resistance, most common form of diabetes
A long-term condition in which the body has trouble controlling blood sugar and using it for energy.
With type 2 diabetes, the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin. Insulin a hormone that lowers the level of glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood. It’s made by the beta cells of the pancreas and released into the blood when the glucose level goes up, such as after eating. Insulin moves glucose from your blood into cells all over your body.
What is gestational diabetes?
Gestational Diabetes: Develops in pregnant women, typically resolves after child birth
What are the major health issues caused by diabetes?
If you have diabetes, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use the insulin it makes as well as it should. When there isn’t enough insulin or cells stop responding to insulin, too much blood sugar stays in your bloodstream, which over time can cause serious health problems, such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease and lower-extremity amputations
What are the 9 key symptoms of diabetes?
Feeling more thirsty than usual.
Urinating often.
Losing weight without trying.
Presence of ketones in the urine. Ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there’s not enough available insulin.
Feeling tired and weak.
Feeling irritable or having other mood changes.
Having blurry vision.
Having slow-healing sores.
Getting a lot of infections, such as gum, skin and vaginal infections.
How many measuring tools are there for diabetes, and what are they?
4: Hemoglobin A1c;
Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG);
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT); Random (Casual) Glucose Test
Hemoglobin A1C - <5.7% normal; 5.7-6.4% pre-diabetes; 6.5% or higher is high; tests average levels of blood sugar (glucose) over past 3 months; to diagnose Type 2 + pre-diabetes; diabetes management
Fasting Plasma Glucose (or fasting blood glucose) - <100 mg/dL normal; 100-125 pre-diabetes; > or = to 126 diabetes
This measures your blood sugar before and after you drink a liquid that contains glucose. Fast overnight before the test and have your blood drawn to determine your fasting blood sugar level. Then you’ll drink the liquid and have your blood sugar level checked 1 hour, 2 hours, and possibly 3 hours afterward. At 2 hours, a blood sugar level of 140 mg/dL or lower is considered normal, 140 to 199 mg/dL indicates you have prediabetes, and 200 mg/dL or higher indicates you have diabetes
What are the normal/at-risk/high range for Hemoglobin A1c?
Under 5.7%
5.7 - 6.4% (prediabetes)
6.5% or higher
What are the normal/at-risk/high range for Fasting Plasma Glucose?
Under 100 mg/dL
100 - 125 mg/dL (prediabetes)
126+ mg/dL
What are the normal/at-risk/high range for Oral Glucose Tolerance Test?
Under 140 mg/dL
140 - 199 mg/dL (prediabetes)
200+ mg/dL
How is the Random (Casual) Glucose Test used?
Checked randomly at any time of day, used by diabetics to monitor blood sugar
What medical conditions are risk factors for diabetes?
Type I (autoimmune), prediabetes, insulin resistance
What are the lifestyle risk factors for Type 2 diabetes?
unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity
What are the lifestyle risk factors for Type 1 diabetes?
According to the HLCD, none.
What are the non-lifestyle risk factors for Type 2 diabetes?
age and race (non white higher risk)
What are the non-lifestyle risk factors for Type 1 diabetes?
genetics and age (usually affects younger)
