Theories

Question 1

What are the 4 stages of cognitive development according to piaget.

Answer 1

Stage 1: Sensorimotor, Stage 2: Pre-operational, Stage 3: concrete operational, Stage 4: Formal operational.

Question 2

What happens during sensorimotor stage? and age.

Answer 2

Infants see the world through sensory experience and motor experiences. The main development in this stage is the understanding of object permanence. 0-2

Question 3

What happens during pre-operational stage? and age.

Answer 3

A child is unable to use logic to problem solve. Children are still dominated by sensory information and so very influenced by the appearance of things. Children are unable to see situations from the perspective of others-egocentrism. Children do not understand concepts like number, mass and volume and how they really work. 2-7

Question 4

What happens during concrete operational stage? and age.

Answer 4

Childrens reasoning is logical providing the issue is concrete. Children can understand the concept of conservation and children begin to de-centre and can see the world from other people’s views. 7-11

Question 5

What happens during formal operational stage? and age.

Answer 5

Children develop the ability to use abstract logical thinking -using their imagination and without physical context. Enabling the child to solve problems in their mind.

Question 6

What is piagets theory of schema’s?

Answer 6

Piaget believed children go through a series of stages of intellectual development called schema’s. A schema is a category of knowledge. A schema contains everything we know about something.

Question 7

What is Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition device (LAD)?

Answer 7

Chomsky believed that the ability to develop a signed or spoken language is genetically programmed into individuals. The ability to use language develops because of maturation. Chomsky believes that babies need to experience other people using language but they do not need to be trained to speak.

Question 8

What is Bowlby’s theory of attachment.

Answer 8

Bowlby linked the importance of social, emotion and cognitive development to the relationship that the child had with their mother.

Question 8

What are piagets stages of play?

Answer 8

-solo
-parallel
-cooperative

Question 9

What is solo play?

Answer 9

This is when the infant plays independently. This starts in infancy and provides a variety of learning opportunities for infants allowing them to explore environments at their own pace

Question 10

What is parallel play?

Answer 10

Children move to playing alongside others they do not share yet or take turns.

Question 10

What is cooperative play?

Answer 10

children forms relationships with their peers and other adults. they become more cooperative in their play and begin to share and play together.

Question 11

Self-esteem

Answer 11

how you feel about yourself

Question 12

Self-image

Answer 12

how you view and see your body

Question 13

Self-concept

Answer 13

self-image and self-concept how you see and feel about yourself

Question 14

What is Geselle’s maturation theory?

Answer 14

development was predetermined and that environment had little influence. if a child experienced developmental delay it is hereditary

Question 15

What is the critic of Geselle’s maturation theory?

Answer 15

Geselle does not take into account education, Geslle’s model of development lasted until the child was five and so was incomplete

Question 16

What is Bandura’s social learning theory?

Answer 16

Development is due to the environment and we learn through watching other people, copying their behaviour and getting feedback from others that tells us if our behaviour is appropriate

Question 17

What is the bobo doll experiment?

Answer 17

Bandura carried out an experiment to show children learn in the way he suggested. He showed a child a video of an adult being aggressive toward the doll and the child watching this video were twice as likely to act aggressively toward the doll, then the children who had not seen the aggressive video

Question 18

What are the critics of Bandura?

Answer 18

Doesn’t consider the effect of genetic factors, such as personality

Question 19

What is the Holmes-Rahe stress scale

Answer 19

Holmes and Rahe examined medical records to determine whether stressful events might cause illness. a correlation was found between their life events and their illness.

Question 20

What is the social disengagement theory?

Answer 20

Suggests older people naturally disengage socially as they age. reduced social interaction with others

Question 21

What is the Activity theory?

Answer 21

disproves the social disengagement theory, Those who remain socially connected experience less ill health, adjust social needs to something your able to accomplish.

Question 22

What is the social learning theory?

Answer 22

Behaviour is observed. Behaviour is imitated. Behaviour is reinforced and learnt or punished and not learnt.

Question 23

What is the stress-diathesis model?

Answer 23

Helps to explain how stress caused by life events can interact with an individual’s genetic vulnerability to impact on their mental wellbeing.