Theories Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the 4 stages of cognitive development according to piaget.
Stage 1: Sensorimotor, Stage 2: Pre-operational, Stage 3: concrete operational, Stage 4: Formal operational.
What happens during sensorimotor stage? and age.
Infants see the world through sensory experience and motor experiences. The main development in this stage is the understanding of object permanence. 0-2
What happens during pre-operational stage? and age.
A child is unable to use logic to problem solve. Children are still dominated by sensory information and so very influenced by the appearance of things. Children are unable to see situations from the perspective of others-egocentrism. Children do not understand concepts like number, mass and volume and how they really work. 2-7
What happens during concrete operational stage? and age.
Childrens reasoning is logical providing the issue is concrete. Children can understand the concept of conservation and children begin to de-centre and can see the world from other people’s views. 7-11
What happens during formal operational stage? and age.
Children develop the ability to use abstract logical thinking -using their imagination and without physical context. Enabling the child to solve problems in their mind.
What is piagets theory of schema’s?
Piaget believed children go through a series of stages of intellectual development called schema’s. A schema is a category of knowledge. A schema contains everything we know about something.
What is Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition device (LAD)?
Chomsky believed that the ability to develop a signed or spoken language is genetically programmed into individuals. The ability to use language develops because of maturation. Chomsky believes that babies need to experience other people using language but they do not need to be trained to speak.
What is Bowlby’s theory of attachment.
Bowlby linked the importance of social, emotion and cognitive development to the relationship that the child had with their mother.
What are piagets stages of play?
-solo
-parallel
-cooperative
What is solo play?
This is when the infant plays independently. This starts in infancy and provides a variety of learning opportunities for infants allowing them to explore environments at their own pace
What is parallel play?
Children move to playing alongside others they do not share yet or take turns.
What is cooperative play?
children forms relationships with their peers and other adults. they become more cooperative in their play and begin to share and play together.
Self-esteem
how you feel about yourself
Self-image
how you view and see your body
Self-concept
self-image and self-concept how you see and feel about yourself
What is Geselle’s maturation theory?
development was predetermined and that environment had little influence. if a child experienced developmental delay it is hereditary
What is the critic of Geselle’s maturation theory?
Geselle does not take into account education, Geslle’s model of development lasted until the child was five and so was incomplete
What is Bandura’s social learning theory?
Development is due to the environment and we learn through watching other people, copying their behaviour and getting feedback from others that tells us if our behaviour is appropriate
What is the bobo doll experiment?
Bandura carried out an experiment to show children learn in the way he suggested. He showed a child a video of an adult being aggressive toward the doll and the child watching this video were twice as likely to act aggressively toward the doll, then the children who had not seen the aggressive video
What are the critics of Bandura?
Doesn’t consider the effect of genetic factors, such as personality
What is the Holmes-Rahe stress scale
Holmes and Rahe examined medical records to determine whether stressful events might cause illness. a correlation was found between their life events and their illness.
What is the social disengagement theory?
Suggests older people naturally disengage socially as they age. reduced social interaction with others
What is the Activity theory?
disproves the social disengagement theory, Those who remain socially connected experience less ill health, adjust social needs to something your able to accomplish.
What is the social learning theory?
Behaviour is observed. Behaviour is imitated. Behaviour is reinforced and learnt or punished and not learnt.
