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crime x deviance.. > Theories > Flashcards

Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Define crime and deviance

A

Crime - Behaviour that is against the law

Deviance - Norm-breaking behaviour

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2
Q

What does durkheim argue

A

Crime is inevitable

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3
Q

What are 4 characteristics [FURI]

A

Functional
Universal
Relative
Inevitable

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4
Q

What are 2 benefits[F]

A

Promotes social solidarity
Acts as a warning device

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5
Q

What are 5 responses [CIRRR]

A
  1. Conformity [Accepting goals and means]
  2. Innovative[Accept goals but uses new illegitimate means]
  3. Ritualism[Give up on goals but accept means]
  4. Retreatism[Reject both goals and legitimate means]
    5.Rebellion[Reject goals + means and replace with new ones]
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6
Q

What is MERTON STRAIN THEORY

A

AmericanDream tells Americans that society is meritocratic and whoever makes effort will achieve when this isnt true

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7
Q

What does Cohen argue with Status Frustration

A

Agrees with Merton, many children fail so get frustrated and create their own subculture

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8
Q

What do Cloward + Ohin argue

A

Argues merton fails to explain why deliquent subcultures take different forms

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9
Q

C+O 3 subcultures

A
  1. Criminal Subculture - Young men have “role models” to show them the way so opportunity to climb criminal hierarchy
  2. Conflict Subculture - When there isnt really opportunity for legitimate or illegitimate so become angry and respond with gang violence
  3. Retreatist Subculture - Formed based on illegal drug and alchohol use
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10
Q

What do Marxist argue

A

Argue law is enforced against powerless groups

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11
Q

3 Marxist main elements

A
  1. Crimogenic capitalism - Capitalism causes crime through competition and commodity fetishism
  2. State & law making - Law only serves and protects interest of dominant capitalist
  3. Ideological functions of crime - Diverts attention away from exploitative nature of capitalism
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12
Q

What do Neo-Marxism argue

A

Modern marxist who argue people are driven to crime BY capitalism

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13
Q

Staurt et Hall ‘policing the crisis’

A

Argued some black men ended up on streets after conflict with parents over racism in society

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14
Q

pro + con of ‘policing the crisis’

A

+ Policing crisis includes labelling theory that offers comprehensive picture than previous

  • Critical criminology can be viewed as too idealistic to tackle crime
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15
Q

Define white collar crime

A

Crime committed by person of respectability + high standards

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16
Q

What are 2 types of white collar crime

A

Occupational[Committed by middle class for personal gain]

Cooporate[Committed by employees on behalf of organisation]

17
Q

3 views of white collar crime

A
  • Hidden from view
    -Complex ad hard to investigate
    -Diffusion of responsibility
18
Q

4 Scales & types of cooporate crime

A

-Financial fraud
-Crime against consumer
-Crime against consumer
Environmental offences

19
Q

Becker argue [Labelling theory]

A

Becker argues deviance is in the eye of beholder - only exist due to people with deciding

20
Q

Effects of Labelling

A
  • Primary deviance = deviance not publicly labelled
  • Secodnary = Caught + publicly labelled
21
Q

What do realist theory focus on

A

Reality of crime and finding practical solutions

22
Q

What is Right realist associated with

A

NEW RIGHT

23
Q

Right Realist 3 causes of crime

A
  1. Biological differences
    2.Socialisation n Underclass(effective socialisation lowers risk of crime n ofc nuclear family)
  2. Rational Choice Theory(Assumes free will and argues crime is based on calculations of consequences)
24
Q

Evaluation of Right Realist

A

-View criminals are rational actions is determined by socialisation
-Ignores wider cause of crime like poverty

25
Q

How do Right Realist Tackle Crime Solutions

A

Wilson and Kelly argue it is essential to maintain orderly character of neighbourhood and advocate zero tolerance policy

crime x deviance.. (6 decks)

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