Control, punishment, victims Flashcards
5 approaches to tackle crime
¬Situational Crime Prevention[SCP]
Approach that reduces opportunities to commit crime through making costs of crime higher and benefits lower
¬Environmental Crime Prevention[ECP]
Smaller acts of vandalism have to be dealt with straight away
¬Social & Community Crime Prevention
Through policies to reduce crime
¬Feminism & Social Prevention
Focuses on issues impacting women eg stranger danger
¬Postmodernism & Control
Reducing crimes requires CJS recognising diversity and respecting social identies
3 reasons for punishing crime
*To protect society
*To reinforce social values
*To discourage future offences
2 changing forms of punishment
1-Switch from sovereign power to disciplinary powers were state controls through surveillance
2-Puishment changes based o class domination
What do functionalist argue about punishment
Punishment upholds social solidarity and reinforces collective conscience
What do marxist argue about punishment
Argue function is to maintain society through repressive state apparatus
What do weberians argue about punishment
Punishment is based o impersonal rules and regulations given by sovereign power
3 policies [Conservative, Labor, Coalition]
Conservative - Support SCP
Labor - Introduced zero tolerance policies
Coalition - Introduced anti social behavior crime that tackles ad protects victims from victims
Victims are socially constructed
Just a note!
2 types of victim
Positivist victimology - Seeks to find out why people are more likely to be victims of crimes than others
Radical victimology - Based on marx and fem theories looking at structural elements in society make women and poor more likely to be victims
Patterns on victimisation[C.A.G.E]
C-Poorest are more likely to be victims
A-Young are more likely to be preparators
G-Males likely to be victim of violence and women victims of domestic violence
E-Black more likely -> Racially motivated
