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2 - FOUNDATIONS OF SPECIAL AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION > THEORIES > Flashcards

THEORIES Flashcards

1
Q

List down the Learning Theories and their Proponents.

A

Cognitive Learning Theory - Jean Piaget

Social Development Theory - Lev Vygotsky

Social Learning Theory - Albert Bandura

Situated Learning Theory - Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger

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2
Q
  • Constructivism
A

Jean Piaget

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3
Q

o Children are born with a very basic mental structure (genetically inherited and evolved).

A
  • Constructivism
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4
Q

Mind’s natural tendency to organize information into related, interconnected structures.

A

Organization

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5
Q

Mental representation of some physical or mental action that can be performed on an object or phenomenon.

A

Schema

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6
Q

adjustment to the world.

A

Adaptation

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7
Q

ADAPTATIONS HAPPENS THROUGH

A

Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibration

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8
Q

The process by which people translate incoming information into a form they can understand.

A

Assimilation

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9
Q

The process by which people adapt current knowledge structures in response to new experiences.

A

Accommodation

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10
Q

The process by which people balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding.

A

Equilibration

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11
Q

Child begins to develop an understanding of what a dog is from a picture book.

A

Initial Schema

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12
Q

Child expresses disequilibrium. Child is actively constructing schema about dogs. Child assimilates information and returns to state of equilibrium.

A

Schema Forming

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13
Q

Child expands understanding of what a dog is by observing one in the park.

Child experiences disequilibrium. The child’s schema about dogs does not include barking.

A

Assimilation Process

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14
Q

While the child is in a state of disequilibrium, he/she is actively constructing meaning. He/she is building internal schema or adding information to the existing schema.

A

Assimilating

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15
Q

The parent affirms and reinforces the new information. Assimilation is occurring. Disequilibrium resolves. Schema is organized to incorporate new information.

A

Assimilating

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16
Q

Child returns to a state of equilibrium.

A

Assimilation Occurred

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17
Q

Now the child sees a cat in the park. A new schema must be formed to acknowledge this is a different animal, even it has some of the same traits as the dog.

A

Accommodation

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18
Q

Checking the traits

A

Accommodation Process

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19
Q

Child is in disequilibrium. He/she is actively constructing meaning.

A

Accommodating

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20
Q

The child returns to a state of equilibrium. A schema about cat has been formed.

A

Accommodation Occurred

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21
Q

STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Preoperational
  3. Concrete Operational
  4. Formal Operational
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22
Q

objects continue to exist even though they cannot be seen or hear.

A
  • Object Permanence
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23
Q
  • Infants know the world through their senses and through their actions. For example, they learn what dogs look like and what petting them feels like.
A

SENSORIMOTOR STAGE

24
Q

SENSORIMOTOR STAGE

A
  • Birth to 2 years
25
Q
  • 2 - 7 years
A

PREOPERATIONAL

26
Q
  • Toddlers and young children acquire the ability to internally represent the world through language and mental imagery. They also begin to be able to see the world from other people’s perspectives, not just from their own.
A

PREOPERATIONAL

27
Q

Two traits that kids possesses during the preoperational stage

A

Egocentrism
Conservation

28
Q
  • 7 - 12 years
A

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL

29
Q
  • Children become able to think logically, not just intuitively.
A

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL

30
Q

How do children think logically during the concrete operational stage?

A

Inductive

31
Q

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL

A
  • Logic (Inductive)
  • Classification
  • Reversibility
  • Elimination of Egocentrism
  • Seriation
32
Q
A
  • Logic (Inductive)
  • Classification
  • Reversibility
  • Elimination of Egocentrism
  • Seriation
33
Q
  • 12+ years
A

FORMAL OPERATIONAL

34
Q
  • Adolescents can think systematically and reason about what might be as well as what is. This allows them to understand politics, ethics, and science fiction, as well as to engage in scientific reasoning.
A

FORMAL OPERATIONAL

35
Q

FORMAL OPERATIONAL

A
  • Logic (deductive)
  • Abstract thought
  • Problem-solving
36
Q
  • Lev Vygotsky
A

Social Development Theory

37
Q
  • Community plays a central role in making meaning.
A

Social Development Theory

38
Q
  • Social interaction
A

(interpsychological and intrapsychological)

39
Q

MKO

A

More Knowledgeable Others

40
Q

Scaffold

A

Support

41
Q

ZPD

A

Zone of Proximal Development

42
Q

3 Layers of ZPD

A

What I Can Do
What I Can Do With Help
What I Can’t Do

43
Q
  • Individual can also learn by observing other people.
A

Social Learning Theory

44
Q

Social Learning Theory

A
  • Albert Bandura (d. 26 July 2021)
45
Q
  • Behavior is influenced by the environment and vice versa.
  • Modeling
A

Social Learning Theory

46
Q

LEARNING DEPENDS ON FOUR PROCESSES

A
  1. Attention – observer see the modelled bx
  2. Retention – recall of modelled bx
  3. Motor reproduction – carry out the bx
  4. Reinforcement and Motivation
47
Q

 Bobo Doll Experiment

A
  • IMPLICATION: “Kung ano ang ginagawa ng matatanda ay nagiging tama sa mata ng mga bata.”
48
Q

students are more inclined to learn by actively participating in the learning experience.

A

Situated Learning Theory

49
Q
  • Instructional approach developed by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger in the early 1990s, and follows the work of Dewey, Vygotsky, and others.
A

Situated Learning Theory

50
Q

Situated Learning Theory was developed by

A

Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger

51
Q
  • Students are actively involved in addressing real world problems. As the practice implies, the student is _______- in the learning experience and knowledge acquisition becomes a part of the learning activity, its context, and the “culture in which it is developed and used.”
A

“situated”

52
Q

______- where students actively participate in an unfamiliar environment.

A

 Field trips

53
Q

______ and _____ in which students are immersed and physically active in an actual work environment.

A

 Cooperative education and internship experiences

54
Q

______ and _____ practice which replicate actual setting of these events, e.g., orchestras, studios, training facilities.

A

 Music and sports (physical education)

54
Q

______ and _____ practice which replicate actual setting of these events, e.g., orchestras, studios, training facilities.

A

 Music and sports (physical education)

55
Q

______ and _________ used as classrooms in which students are involved in activities which replicate actual work setting.

A

Laboratories and child-care centers

56
Q

Process happened when a child discovered dogs and cats

A

Initial Schema
Schema Forming
Assimilation Process
Assimilation
Assimilating
Assimilation Occured
Accommodation
Accommodation Process
Accommodating
Accommodation Occured

2 - FOUNDATIONS OF SPECIAL AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION (4 decks)

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