Theories Flashcards
Two of the most common pathways to achieving integration approach
technical integration and theoretical integration
Technical integration
is free of theory and relies on the experience of the therapist to determine the appropriate interventions
Tends to focus on differences, uses techniques
drawn from many approaches, and is based on a systematic selection of techniques.
This path combines techniques from different schools without necessarily subscribing to the theoretical positions that spawned them
theoretical integration
bound by a unifying theoretical understanding
conceptual or theoretical creation beyond a mere blending of techniques.
The underlying assumption of this path is that the synthesis of the best of two or more theoretical approaches offers richer possibilities than restricting practice to a single theory.
Thinking, Feeling, and Behaving Model
Combining 3 domains: cognitive, affective, behavioural
1) The cognitive domain focuses on the thinking or thought processes of group members
2) The affective domain emphasizes the feelings of group members
3) The behavioral domain entails acting and doing
Techniques
- leader interventions aimed at facilitating movement within a group
- most useful when they evolve from the work of the group participants and are tailored to the situations that evolve in a particular group meeting
4 Groups of approches
1) Psychodynamic approaches
2) Experiential and relationship-oriented approaches
3) Cognitive behavioral approaches
4) Postmodern approaches
Psychodynamic approaches
stress insight in therapy
Experiential and relationship-oriented approaches
stress feelings and subjective experiencing
the quality of the therapeutic relationship is primary, with techniques being secondary
Cognitive behavioral approaches
stress the role of thinking and doing and tend to be action-oriented
Postmodern approaches
stress understanding the subjective world of the client and tap existing resources for change within the individual
based on the premise
that there is no single truth. Postmodern perspectives are marked by acceptance
of plurality and the notion that individuals create their own reality
List X Psychodynamic approches
1) Psychoanalytic Therapy
2) Adlerian Therapy
Psychoanalytic Therapy
- Emphasizes insight, unconscious motivation, and reconstruction of the personality
- Group therapy often consists of a lengthy process of analyzing inner conflicts that are rooted in the past (first 6 years of life )
- Two key features of psychodynamic group therapy are ways that transference and countertransference are played out in the context of th current group situation
Adlerian Therapy
- help the patient overcome feelings of inferiority
- We can in uence our own future by actively
and courageously taking risks and making decisions in the face of unknown consequences. - Focuses on the unity of the person, understanding the individual’s subjective perspective, and the importance of life goals that direct behavior
- Inherent feelings of inferiority initiate a natural striving toward achieving a higher level of mastery and competence in life
- Adlerians place emphasis on the family constellation as a key factor in influencing one’s style of life
- The Adlerian leader creates a democratic climate within the group and does not screen members for groups because it is inconsistent with the spirit of democracy
List X Experiential and Relationship-Oriented Approaches
1) The Existential Perspective
2) Person-Centered Approach
3) Gestalt Therapy
4) Psychodrama
Person-Centered Approach
- Therapy rests on the assumption that we have the capacity to understand our problems and that we have the resources within us to resolve them
- This approach emphasizes fully experiencing the present moment, learning to accept oneself, and deciding on ways to change
- A major goal is to provide a climate of safety and trust so that the client, by using the therapeutic relationship for self-exploration, can become aware of blocks to growth
Gestalt Therapy
- This approach emphasizes the here-and-now, direct experiencing, awareness, and bringing unfinished business into the present and dealing with it
- The primary goal of Gestalt therapy is attaining awareness and greater choice
- Factors that are emphasized include the therapist’s presence, authentic dialogue, gentleness, direct self-expression by the therapist, and a greater trust in the client’s experiencing
Psychodrama
- Members explore problems through role playing, enacting situations using dramatic devices to gain insight, discover their own creativity, and develop behavioral skills
- Members act out past, present, or anticipated life situations and roles to gain deeper understanding, explore feelings and achieve emotional release, and develop new ways of coping
- By replaying a past event “as if” it were happening in the present, the individual is able to assign new meaning to it
The Existential Perspective
- We have the capacity for self-awareness
- Because we are basically free beings, we must accept the responsibility that accompanies our freedom
- We have a concern to preserve our uniqueness and identity; we come to know ourselves in relation to knowing and interacting with others
- The main goal of therapy is to assist participants in recognizing and accepting their freedom to become the authors of their own lives
- The therapeutic relationship is of paramount importance. The quality of the I-Thou encounter offers a context for change
existential perspective
holds that we define ourselves by our choices. Although outside factors restrict the range of our choices, we are ultimately the authors of our lives.
The Existential Perspective
Socratic dialogue
A method of assisting clients to determine how accurate and helpful certain thoughts may be. Specifically, this is done by exploring how the client came to have those thoughts, and evaluating the evidence regarding those and other possible thoughts.
Cognitive Therapy
relapse prevention
consists of procedures for dealing with the inevitable setbacks clients are likely to experience as they apply what they are learning to daily life
Cognitive Therapy
WDEP model of choice
W = wants: exploring wants, needs, and perceptions.
D = direction and doing: focusing on what clients are doing and the direction this
is taking them.
E = evaluation: challenging clients to make an evaluation of their total behavior.
P = planning and commitment: assisting clients in formulating realistic plans and
making a commitment to carry them out.
Choice Theory/Reality Therapy
