Theories Flashcards
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Clients learn to stop avoiding, denying, and struggling with their inner emotions and, instead, accept that these deeper feelings are appropriate responses to certain situations that should not prevent them from moving forward in their lives
- Creative hopelessness
- Metaphors
- Name the story
- Mindfulness
Adlerian therapy
Identifying and exploring faulty logic and life goals; develop a sense of belonging (Engagement, assessment, insight, reorientation)
- Family constellations
- Early memories
- Push button
- Spitting in the soup
- Encouragement
- Acting “as if”
- Confrontation
Attachment Based Therapy
Help clients rebuild trust & security in relationships; overall treatment goal based on client age (Kids: strengthening caregiver relationship; adult: healthy sense of self & relationships)
- Play therapy
- Role play
- Inner child work
- Communication skills
Behavior Therapy
A treatment process that focuses on changing unwanted behaviors through rewards and reinforcements
- Positive/negative reinforcement
- Exposure therapy
- Activity scheduling
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Challenge & replace distorted thoughts with healthy alternatives through cognitive restructuring
- Socratic dialogue
- Decatastrophizing
- Reframing/refocusing
- Self-monitoring
Contextual Therapy
A form of psychotherapy that considers the environment in which a person lives and functions. It considers all of the external factors that may be impacting their mental health, such as family dynamics, work stressors, and social support networks
- Facts
- Individual psychology
- Systemic transactions
- Relational ethics
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
Helps clients recognize, accept, and manage strong emotions in a healthy way
- Mindfulness
- Emotional regulation
- Distress tolerance
EMDR
A psychotherapy technique designed to relieve the distress associated with disturbing memories
Emotionally Focused Therapy
Short-term therapy that aims to improve couple relationships by rekindling the physical and emotional bond that can get sacrificed to disappointment in a partner and alienation from them
Existential Therapy
Focuses on free will, self-determination, and the search for meaning—often centering on the individual rather than on their symptoms. The approach emphasizes a person’s capacity to make rational choices and to develop to their maximum potential. No diagnoses. No specific techniques.
Logotherapy
A form of psychotherapy that is based on the premise that every individual has an innate search for meaning in life. This form of therapy focuses on helping individuals to identify what they consider as meaningful in their lives, even amidst challenging times and circumstances
- Self-transcendence
- Personal strengths
Experiential Therapy
Cause of family problems identified as emotional suppression and denial of personal impulses. Individuals shouldn’t fill roles and people are naturally good.
- Uses expressive tools like acting, role-playing, props, and guided imagery
Family Systems
If one member disrupts the family the entire family is affected. Family structure and behavior are addressed
- Differentiation
- Detriangulation
- “I” talk
- Genograms
Feminist Therapy
Focuses on the challenges that minority groups face as a result of bias, stereotyping, oppression, discrimination, and other factors, and how those stressors can negatively affect their mental health
- Gender role analysis
- Power analysis
- Confrontation
- Reframing
Functional Family Therapy
Intensive, short-term therapy that addresses the referring behaviors (i.e., curfew violations, running away, and truancy) and juvenile delinquency from a relational, family-based perspective.
- Promoting perception of positive change
- Reframing
- Behavioral change plans
Gestalt Therapy
Focus on the present to understand what is actually happening in their lives at this moment, and how it makes them feel in the moment, rather than what they may assume to be happening based on past experience
- Internal dialogue
- Dream work
- Confrontation
- Staying with the feeling
Internal Family Systems Therapy
Psychotherapy that identifies and addresses multiple sub-personalities or families within each person’s mental system. These sub-personalities consist of wounded parts and painful emotions such as anger and shame, and parts that try to control and protect the person from the pain of the wounded parts
Interpersonal Therapy
Goal is to improve the quality of a client’s interpersonal relationships and social functioning, it aims to help reduce overall distress
- Gaining awareness
- Reviewing childhood
- Relationship analysis
- Reviewing roles and fantasies
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy
Incorporates mindfulness practices that include present moment awareness, meditation, and breathing exercises. Teaches a client to be in the here and now as well as break away from negative thought patterns that can cause a decline into a mood-disordered state
- Body Scan
- Guided Imagery
- Cognitive Decentering
Motivational Enhancement Therapy
Short-term program for addictions to increase client’s motivation to change
- Motivational interviewing
- Empathetic responding
- Roll with resistance
Narrative Therapy
Helping client change a problem-saturated narrative into a healthier one
- Telling a story
- Mapping the effects
- Therapeutic journal
Object Relations Therapy (Freud)
Uncover early mental images that contribute to present difficulties in relationships and adjust them to improve interpersonal functioning
- Free Association
- Resistance Interpretation
- Unconscious Thought
Person Centered Therapy
Therapist works to create a strong therapeutic alliance to enable client’s self-exploration
- Empathetic Understanding
- Positive Regard
- Genuineness/Congruence
Psychodynamic (Freud)
Analyze past to understand how it has shaped current thoughts and behavior
- Free association
- Interpretation
- Dream Analysis
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Challenging irrational thoughts will lead to emotional & behavioral change
- Reframing
- Role-Reversal (Devil’s advocate)
- Shame attacking
- it’s not the events that upset us but our beliefs about the event
Reality Therapy
Emphasize choice, personal responsibility, and taking action to meet needs (People want to feel loved and belong; you can’t control emotions, just thoughts and behavior)
- Metaphor
- Humor
- WDEP (wants, direction, self-evaluation, plans)
Solution Focused Brief Therapy
Focus on solutions to problems; present and future oriented
- Coping questions
- Miracle question
- Scaling questions
Structural Family Therapy
Focuses on the interactions between family members; encourage adjustments in the rules that govern how the family functions
- Mapping family structure
- Enactment
- Confrontation
Transactional Analysis
Early life experiences shape a person’s life script; people possess the states of the parent, adult, and child. Goal is to strengthen the adult state
- Script analysis
- Role Play
- Empty chair
- relaxed environment children express feelings, thoughts, social skills, emotions and awareness
Transtheoretical Model of Change
Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Termination
