Theoretical Perspectives Flashcards
systematic study of biological basis of social behavior and organization in all organisms
sociobiology
said that evolution favors certain traits if they enhance odds of the individual passing along genes
Wilson
behaviors that contribute to survival and reproduction
inclusive fitness
differences in reproductive efficiency that leads to double standard in infidelity
reproductive success/fitness
behavior toward offspring that raises survival at the cost of the ability to have another
parental investment
increases parental investment in all sexes
sexual/mate selection
2 bases of male reproductive success
traits attractive to female (parental involvement potential), male-male competition
this leads males to invest less in sperm production and parenthood
polygyny
leads to monogamy
harsh environment
critiques to sociobiology
explaining effect of genes on human behavior is too complicated, reduction of social to biological, anthropomorphizing
how individuals develop behaviors appropriate for their sex
sex-typing
theoretical strands of socialization theories
Freudian and Neo-Freudian psychoanalytic, social learning, cognitive development, gender schema
views gender’s purpose as to maintain ecological balance
ecological determinism
according to ecological determinism, devaluation of women is necessary because ________
sex is a reward for male bravery
comprised of husband, wife, and dependent children
isolated nuclear family
gender role that leads, decides, produces (father, status-giver, wage-earner) according to Isolated Nuclear Family
instrumental
gender role that handles housework, emotional, reproductive matters (mother) according to Isolated Nuclear Family
expressive
root of male dominance according to Origin of the Family
surplus production
became normalized because of private property, paternity and inheritance
monogamy, virginity before marriage, heirs, fidelity during marriage
resources that dictate sex status according to Conflict Theory of Sex Stratification
strength, attractiveness, economic control
assumes strong sexual drives, struggle for dominance, physical dominance of males, resources determining ability to dominate
Conflict Theory of Sex Stratification
according to the Conflict Theory of Sex Stratification, during this period there was low production and therefore low stratification
horticultural
according to the Conflict Theory of Sex Stratification, during this period there was peak male dominance
agrarian
according to the Conflict Theory of Sex Stratification, during this period the market value of women became important
industrial
according to the Conflict Theory of Sex Stratification, during this period there was employment for women and sex appeal became significant
advanced market economy
the 4 types of power according to the general theory of gender stratification
force/coercion, property, political power, ideational power
this determines life options according to the general theory of gender stratification
status
bases (3) for the demand of female power according to the general theory of gender stratification
strategic indispensability of work, kinship, mode of production
according to the general theory of gender stratification, women are better off in societies with _____ property than with private property
communal
according to the general theory of gender stratification, men enact _____ power while women enact _____ power
macro, micro
criticism to the general theory of gender stratification
reproduction is seen as secondary to production
what, according to rae lesser blumberg, impedes women’s participation in production?
demand for female labor
defined around compliance to subordination (to men); oriented to accommodate the interests and desires of men
emphasized femininity
in relation to subordinated masculinities and emphasized femininity; women are socialized to be subordinated to men
hegemonic masculinity
