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Wellness & Prevention > Theoretical Models and Motivational Interviewing > Flashcards

Theoretical Models and Motivational Interviewing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 components of the health belief model?

A
  1. perceived susceptibility
  2. perceived severity
  3. perceived benefits
  4. perceived barriers
  5. cues to action
  6. self-efficacy
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2
Q

how can you utilize perceived susceptibility?

A
  • define populations at risk and their risk levels

- personalize risk based on a person’s traits or behaviors

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3
Q

how can you utilize perceived severity?

A
  • specify and describe consequences of the risk and the condition
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4
Q

how can you utilize perceived benefits?

A
  • define action to take - how, where, when
  • clarify the positive effects to expect
  • describe evidence of effectiveness
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5
Q

how can you utilize perceived barriers?

A
  • identify and reduce barriers through reassurance, incentives, and assistance
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6
Q

how can you utilize cues to action?

A
  • provide how-to information
  • promote awareness
  • provide reminders
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7
Q

how can you utilize self-efficacy?

A
  • provide training, guidance, and positive reinforcement
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8
Q

what are common challenges of the health belief model?

A
  • be careful not to “blame the victim”
  • be aware that the HBM uses “appropriate fear-based messages” in order to facilitate perceived susceptibility and severity
  • less effective in achieving long-term change
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9
Q

What are the stages of the transtheoretical/stages of change model?

A
  • precontemplation
  • contemplation
  • preparation
  • action
  • maintenance
  • termination
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10
Q

define precontemplation

A
  • not serious about/considering change
  • uninformed/underinformed about consequences
  • multiple unsuccessful attempts at change can lead to demoralization
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11
Q

define contemplation

A
  • seriously considering change
  • aware of pros/cons
  • can remain in this stage for a long time
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12
Q

define preparation

A
  • the person intends to take action in the next month
  • typically have already taken steps in the past year
  • have a plan of action
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13
Q

define action

A
  • stage in which people have made modifications in their lifestyles within the past six months
  • recently completed action with intention of reducing risk of a disease or injury
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14
Q

define maintenance

A
  • people make modifications in their lifestyle to prevent relapse
  • temptation to relapse reduces and confidence grows
  • can last forever for many
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15
Q

define termination

A
  • behavior change is complete

- zero temptation and 100% self-efficacy

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16
Q

What are the different strategies to make a change if the individual is in the precontemplation stage?

A
  • consciousness-raising
  • dramatic relief
  • environmental re-evaluation
  • self re-evaluation
  • societal liberation
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17
Q

What are the different strategies to make a change if the individual is in the contemplation stage?

A
  • self re-evaluation

- societal liberation

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18
Q

What are the different strategies to make a change if the individual is in the preparation stage?

A
  • self liberation

- societal liberation

19
Q

What are the different strategies to make a change if the individual is in the action stage?

A
  • societal liberation
  • counter-conditioning
  • stimulus control
  • contingency management
  • helping relationships
20
Q

What are the different strategies to make a change if the individual is in the maintenance stage?

A
  • counter-conditioning
  • societal liberation
  • stimulus control
  • contingency management
  • helping relationships
21
Q

what is consciousness-raising

A 
finding and learning new facts and suggestions which support change
ex:
- reading a book/article
- talking with a medical professional
- talking with a friend
22
Q

what is dramatic relief

A

experiencing and expressing negative feelings about one’s problem
ex:
- writing in a journal
- communicating with friends/spouse

23
Q

what is environmental re-evaluation

A

assessing how one’s problems affects the physical environment

24
Q

what is self re-evaluation

A

realizing that the behavioral change is part of one’s identity
ex:
- seeing yourself as a fit person
- seeing yourself make nutritious decisions

25
Q

what is self liberation

A

choosing and committing to act on a belief that change is possible, accepting responsibility for change
ex:
- making a new year’s resolution

26
Q

what is societal liberation

A 
societal support of healthier behaviors
ex:
- employee walking programs
- smoke-free workplaces
- free fruit for shoppers under 12
27
Q

what is counter-conditioning

A

substituting healthier alternatives for problem behaviors
ex:
- using relaxation or exercise to deal with stress instead of using stress eating

28
Q

what is stimulus control

A

avoiding triggers and cues
ex:
- avoiding friends who smoke
- avoiding certain restaurants

29
Q

what is contingency management

A

increasing the rewards of positive behavioral change and decreasing the rewards for unhealthy behaviors
ex:
- buying new clothes after losing weight rather than eating an unhealthy meal

30
Q

what are helping relationships

A

seeking and using a strong support system of family, friends, co-workers
ex:
- working out with your support system
- eating healthy with your spouse

31
Q

what is self-efficacy

A

the level of confidence individuals have in their ability to perform certain behavior

32
Q

what are the 4 main strategies for promoting self-efficacy

A
  1. mastery experiences/performance accomplishments
  2. modeling/vicarious experiences
  3. social persuasion/credible source
  4. internal feedback (psychological/physiological)
33
Q

what is motivational interviewing

A

a collaborative conversation style for strengthening a person’s own motivation and commitment to change

34
Q

what are the goals of motivational interviewing

A

to work through/with ambivalence to facilitate change

35
Q

what are the tasks of motivational interviewing

A
  • engage
  • focus
  • evoke
  • negotiate
36
Q

what are the components of motivational interviewing

A
  • collaboration
  • evocation
  • autonomy
  • compassion
37
Q

what are the principles of motivational interviewing

A
  • express empathy
  • develop discrepancy
  • roll with resistance
  • support self-efficacy
38
Q

What does OARS stand for in regard to motivational interviewing

A
  • open-ended questions
  • affirmation
  • reflections
  • summaries
39
Q

describe affirmations (OARS)

A

commenting positively on strengths, effort, and intention as a way to empower the patient to recognize their strengths and see themselves more positively
- builds self-efficacy

40
Q

describe reflections (OARS)

A

active listening
a response to a patient statement that is a clear and assertive statement reflecting what the speaker said or meant but is NOT a question

41
Q

describe summaries (OARS)

A

a good way to highlight change talk and guide conversation toward planning change
- can demonstrate misalignment in their thoughts, feelings, and actions

42
Q

how should your respond to change talk

A
  • reflect/restate it back to the person
  • ask for examples/elaboration/more
  • affirm change talk
  • summarize
43
Q

what are some general recommendations for successfully giving advice to a patient

A
  • ask for permission before you give advice

- offer several options

Wellness & Prevention (2 decks)

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