Theoretical Frameworks in Neurorehab

Question 1

the reflex model is a

(a) motor control model
(b) neurological rehab model

Answer 1

(a) motor control model

Question 2

what are the main take-away points in the reflex model?

Answer 2

• sensory inputs control motor outputs
• sensation is therefore needed
• complex actions are from combinations of many reflexes

Question 3

What are the main limitations with the reflex model?

Answer 3

• movement can occur voluntarily without a sensory stimulus spurring it on
• the reflex is not the basic unit of behaviour, we move voluntarily not only by reflexes
• cannot explain fast or novel movements, nor how one stimulus can cause a varied response

Question 4

in the hierarchy model, the ______ of the CNS causes our normal motor development.

Answer 4

corticalization

Question 5

the main take-away point from the hierarchical model is that when control from (a)_________ is disrupted, (b)________ become more prominent or abnormal.

Answer 5

(a) higher centres

(b) reflexes

Question 6

what is the main limitation of the hierarchical model?

Answer 6

doesn’t explain the presence of certain reflex behaviour in healthy adults.

Nowadays, it is understood that different level of the nervous system can influence others in either direction; it is not necessarily a top-down only situation.

Question 7

the motor programming model focuses on ________ rather than _________.

Hint: An example is the central pattern generator which could be considered either a low level or high level program.

Answer 7

actions

reactions

Question 8

what are the main limitations of the motor programming model?

Answer 8

• a pattern generator is not the sole determinant of action, and sensory imput still has an influence on motion.
• the CNS has to deal with constraints from both the environment and the musculoskeletal system.

Question 9

according to the systems model, why do synergy patterns exist?

Answer 9

to simplify things - we have multiple degrees of freedom at multiple joints, makes it easier.

Question 10

the systems model argues that interactions are in a ______ pattern, and are adaptable and flexible.

Answer 10

circular

Question 11

what is the main limitation of the systems model

Answer 11

not much focus on the organism in the environment.

Question 12

a horse changing it’s gait to a trot from a walk can be explained by the __________ model as the result of a system of parts reaching a critical change (called a “control parameter”).

Answer 12

dynamic action model

Question 13

what is an attractor state?

Answer 13

a preferred pattern of movement

Question 14

what are the main limitations of the dynamic action model?

Answer 14

nervous system is considered fairly unimportant, and the animal/environment interaction is the only driving force of behaviour (which it isn’t..)

Question 15

the theory that stresses adaptability and the environment is _________

Answer 15

ecological

Question 16

the ______ approach combines elements from all motor control theories and is therefore the best one

Answer 16

systems ( individual, task, environment Venn)

Question 17

which rehab model is associated primarily with the reflex and hierarchical models?

Answer 17

neuro rehab: facilitation and reflex based approaches like Bobath, PNF, and Brunstromm

Question 18

what are the two main assumptions one must have when practicing a neuro rehab approach?

Answer 18

• things will be good once you inhibit the bad movement patterns and facilitate the good
• what you are teaching will automatically transfer over to everyday tasks

Question 19

Problem solving is utilized in which rehab approach?

Answer 19

task-oriented approach