Theoretical foundations of nursing practice - Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is theory?
A nursing theory conceptualizes an aspect of nursing to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe nursing care. It contains a set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions or propositions that explain a phenomenon.
Phenomenon?
A phenomenon is the term, description, or label given to describe an idea or responses about an event, a situation, a process, a group of events, or a group of situations .
Concepts?
A concept is a thought or idea of reality that is put into words or phrases to help describe or explain a specific phenomenon. They can be abstract (emotions) or concrete (physical).
Definitions?
Used to communicate the general meaning of the concepts of a theory. It can be conceptual (define a particular concept) or operational (state how concepts are measured).
What is paradigm?
A paradigm is a patt ern of beliefs used to describe the domain of a discipline. It links the concepts, theories, beliefs, values, and assumptions accepted and applied by the discipline.
What is conceptual framework?
It provides a way to organize major concepts and visualize the relationship among phenomena. Different frameworks provide alternative ways to view the subject ma er of a discipline and
represent the perspective of the author.
Grand theories?
They are abstract, broad in scope, and complex; therefore they require further clarification through research so that they can be applied to nursing practice.
Middle-range theories?
They expand on specific concepts or phenomena in a specific field of nursing such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring. (Skill acquisition, Comfort, Health promotion, Transitions, Synergy).
Practice theories?
Narrow in scope and focus, these theories guide the nursing care of a specific patient population at a specific time.
Metatheory?
Area of study that looks at the relationships of various components that make up the knowledge of a discipline. These include philosophical, theoretical, and empirical components and provide a broad overview of discipline.
Descriptive theories?
Are the first level of theory development. They describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which the phenomena occur.
Prescriptive theories?
Address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict the consequences. Nurses use prescriptive theories to anticipate the outcomes of nursing interventions.
What does the following theorists defend?
a-Nightingale
b-Orem
c-Peplau
d-Leininger
a-Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
b-Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
c-Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory
d-Leininger’s Culture Care Theory
