Theoretical basis of international environmental policy

Question 1

What does international environmental policy includes?

Answer 1

It includes all international measures and agreements that have the goal to solve international environmental problems

Question 2

Give examples (5) of global environmental problems

Answer 2

1. The change of the world climate (greenhouse effect)
2. The damage of the ozone layer (ozone hole)
3. The loss of biological diversity (biodiversity)
4. The worldwide loss of agricultural grounds
5. The international trade with dangerous waste

Question 3

In what year did the scientists first warned about gaz CO2?

Answer 3

In 1930

Question 4

What are the climate effective trace gas that contribute to the greenhouse effect?

Answer 4

1. Carbon dioxide
2. Methane
3. Atmospheric ozone
4. Fluor chlorinated hydrocarbons
5. Nitrogen oxide

Question 5

What are some consequences of climate changes

Answer 5

More storms, more heavy rain (water goes to the oceans, not the ground), more high temperature (old people dying, tropical diseases), the level of the oceans increase

Question 6

Describe the world population increase since 2000 years

Answer 6

The population was low and stable until 1650 with a rate of o.02 per year. In 1650 the population started increasing a little bit until 1850. The industrial revolution in the 18th and 19th century and the modernization helped increase the population even more. From 1930, the population double and it doubled again by 1970 To reach almost 9 milliards people by 2025.

Question 7

Describe the consequences of the increase of the population

Answer 7

There is a more intensive use of the ground for agriculture and increase of deforestation. These two consequences increase the soil erosion which decrease the vegetations. Because of the lost of vegetation and forest, the humidity reservoirs get lost.

Question 8

Explain the game theory and the prisoner’s dilemma

Answer 8

Best situation overall is when both prisoners deny the crime and the highest welfare for both country is when there is mutual cooperation. The worst situation is when there is non mutual cooperation.
w; (N,C)> w; (C,C)>w; (N,N)> w; (C,N)
N being non cooperation and C being cooperation
*We need cooperation between countries

Question 9

Explain the chicken game

Answer 9

There are two options; siding or driving on. Driving on means winning and siding means loosing. If both cars side, both live, if one side and the other drive, they both live but the one who kept driving wins. If they both drive, they die and there is no winner.
w;(N,C) > w;(C,C) > w;(C,N) > w; (N,N)

Question 10

Use a example to explain of a country the chicken game

Answer 10

During the Kyoto agreement, Bush decided to go out of the agreement, he was non cooperative. The other countries decided to stay in the agreement to carry out the cooperation.

Question 11

Explain the graphics for the efficiency benefits of international environmental cooperation I

Answer 11

See Part II p. 15

Question 12

Explain the graphics for the reactions functions

Answer 12

See part II p. 16

Question 13

What is the Nash equilibrium?

Answer 13

When the quantity of avoiding measures are equalized, this is the best adjustment. See part II p. 16

Question 14

Explain the graphics for the efficiency benefits of international environmental cooperation II

Answer 14

See Part II p. 17

Question 15

What is the difference between the pareto-superior area and the pareto-optimal area?

Answer 15

The pareto-superior area is when there is the higher level of welfares for both countries and the pareto-optimal area is when one of the countries has the biggest increase of welfares. See part II p. 17