Theology Midterm

Question 1

What happened to Jerusalem

Answer 1

70 C.E. the Roman Empire destroyed Jerusalem in an intense attack and 2-year-long siege leaving the Jewish community turned upside down and lost

Question 2

Date of Mark

Answer 2

60 C.E.

Question 3

Date of Matthew

Answer 3

70 C.E.

Question 4

Date of Luke

Answer 4

70/80 C.E.

Question 5

Date of John

Answer 5

90 C.E.

Question 6

Why were the gospels written

Answer 6

in response to the destruction of Jerusalem

Question 7

Letters of Paul

Answer 7

Written before the crisis of 70 C.E. and many letters are not actually written by him

Question 8

Main ideas of the gospels

Answer 8

Love thy God
Love thy Neighbor

Question 9

Why do the gospels contradict empire?

Answer 9

Rejects class systems, non-violence and loving enemies, Christians gave all of their love and worship to God not the emperor, tensions between Kingdom of God vs The Empire

Question 10

Why is it hard to link the OT and the NT

Answer 10

The OT doesn’t talk about Jesus. So, allegorical implications have to happen. For example, Adam is actually Jesus

Question 11

Forming the NT into a series of books

Answer 11

Canonization

Question 12

What did Rome do in the first few Centuries to Christians

Answer 12

Occasionally persecuted, tortured, and killed them

Question 13

What is a Martyr

Answer 13

someone who willingly suffers death or persecution for their religious beliefs, principles, or cause. In many religious and secular contexts, martyrs are seen as individuals who make the ultimate sacrifice, choosing to endure suffering or death rather than renounce their faith or values.

Question 14

King’s truth of Martyrs

Answer 14

1. The social order of Rome is in Malady. God is higher than the Emperor
2. Confession of believers is not just powerful for earthly things
3. Anyone can be fearless and powerful (including women, slaves, etc.)
4. Believers suffer no pain in death (painfulness is a satanic thing)
5. Death is Life

Question 15

Perpetua

Answer 15

young woman who has just given birth (weak). She defies her father, rome, and shows no pain in death (basically an angel)

Question 16

Polycarp

Answer 16

old man. Fire comes to burn his body, the flames don’t touch him, he literally becomes the eucharist.

Question 17

Ignatius

Answer 17

Just a dude put to death. Wants to died, does not care about earthly things, only heaven matters

Question 18

Edict of Milan (313)

Answer 18

Granted religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire

Question 19

Constantine

Answer 19

Legalized Christianity, changed the relationship between the Empire and Christianity, wants to give better structure to the religion

Question 20

Text that is central to the relationship change

Answer 20

“The Life of Constantine” (Eusebius), a biography of Constantine, makes him out to be divinely blessed and blesses all the
descendants of Constantine with the divine right to rule

Question 21

When does Christianity become the religion of the empire

Answer 21

323

Question 22

What is the Trinitarian Controversy about

Answer 22

1. Is Jesus Uncreated or Created
2. The relationship between the Father, the Son (word), and the Holy Spirit
3. Whether and to what extent Jesus is God or different from God or both

Question 23

The two councils

Answer 23

Nicaea (325): settles the issue and ex-communicates Arius
Constantinople (381): Confirms Nicaea, issues the Nicene creed

Question 24

Main Characters

Answer 24

Arius (loses): thinks Jesus is created which is too much division between God and Jesus
Athanasius (wins): Jesus is uncreated and eternal, Jesus is God and voluntarily becomes “incarnate” without threatening Divine perfection in order to save humanity. God became man so that man could become God (know how to do the drawing)

Question 25

Conclusion of the trinity

Answer 25

The drawing of 1 ousia and three hypostases: God is one, has one substance, and exists in 3 persons. Christ is “begotten” but not made, and Christ becoming human does not threaten the eternal perfection of
the Father.

Question 26

Water example

Answer 26

You cannot relate the trinity to Water. Water has 3 states: solid, liquid, gas. But to say water is like the trinity suggests that a water molecule is actively in each state simultaneously which is impossible. The water molecule was morph in order to reach a different state. For the trinity, God cannot change. God is all three hypostases fully and equally at the same time.

Question 27

Heresy

Answer 27

To say that Jesus is not God. Famous Heresies are Arianism and Modality

Question 28

What is the Christological Controversy

Answer 28

1. How should we understand or describe the coexistence of divine and human in Jesus Christ
2. How are human and divine are combined without compromising either nature
3. How does this result in humans being saved

Question 29

Two councils of cc

Answer 29

Ephesus (431 C.E.)
Chalcedon (451 C.E.)

Question 30

Major characters of cc

Answer 30

Nestorius (loses)
Cyril (wins)

Question 31

Human and Divine

Answer 31

One person, one will, two natures, unmixed

Question 32

How humans are saved by the divine

Answer 32

Become one with Jesus and their nature becomes Christ’s and can become divine. The human side dies. Human can borrow from the divine but the divine cannot borrow from human

Question 33

deification

Answer 33

humans can become god

Question 34

Jesus’ name

Answer 34

Jesus of Nazareth son of Joseph

Question 35

Jesus’ new name

Answer 35

Jesus the Christ (becomes a messiah)

Question 36

hypostatic union

Answer 36

human and divine drawing

Question 37

imatio dei/christi

Answer 37

imitation of god/christ

Question 38

4 Assumptions

Answer 38

1. Bible is fundamentally cryptic
2. Bible is a book of lessons to be interpreted for readers in their own day
3. Bible has no contradictions or mistakes
4. Bible is a divinely given text