Theology Midterm

Question 1

Martyr

Answer 1

A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs

Question 2

White Martyrdom

Answer 2

Being persecuted for faith but never shedding any blood.

Question 3

Heresy

Answer 3

Opposite of orthodoxy, false teaching

Question 4

Orthodoxy

Answer 4

Right belief, correct belief, correct doctrine
Guided by: preaching of church, biblical interpretation, communal life, ministry, and prayers.

Question 5

Incarnation

Answer 5

A person who embodies in the flesh a deity, spirit, or abstract quality

Question 6

Theology

Answer 6

Discourse or talk about God. Study of the nature of God and religious beliefs.
Early theology: based on commentary and preaching
Two important theologians: Clement of Alexandria and Origen of Alexandria

Question 7

Christology

Answer 7

About the person and work of Jesus who is the Christ
Low Christology: focuses on humanity of Jesus
High Christology: focuses on divinity of Jesus

Question 8

Creed

Answer 8

short summaries of orthodox belief

Question 9

Theotokos

Answer 9

Mary, the mother of jesus

Question 10

Hagiography

Answer 10

Writings on the lives of saints, a holy biography

Question 11

Ecumenical Councils

Answer 11

Address both issues of clarifying and/or explaining the faith
Establish rules of order and behavior that address both universal and specific issues

Question 12

Apostolic Age

Answer 12

The apostolic age is the initial formation, growth, and development stage of the early church.
From death and resurrection of Christ to end of first century

Question 13

Patristic Age

Answer 13

From 100 AD to 451 AD
Given name because of major orthodox writers in this time
Writers are known as fathers of Church
Christianity and Judaism took shape

Question 14

Fathers of Church

Answer 14

Justin, Irenaeus, Clement, Origen

Question 15

Confessors

Answer 15

a priest who hears confessions and gives absolution and spiritual counsel

Question 16

Augustine of Hippo

Answer 16

One of the pre-eminent theologians in Western Church
Extensive writings; treatises, sermons, moral essays, commentaries on OT and NT, and theological treatises on the trinity

Question 17

Council of Nicaea

Answer 17

First Ecumenical Council
Address Arian heresy (Christ was exceptional creature, raised to level of son of god because of fidelity to fathers will and holiness)
Nicene creed

Question 18

Council of Constantinople

Answer 18

Nicene creed confirmed and expanded
Addressed full divinity of the holy spirit (given same worth as father and son)

Question 19

Council of Ephesus

Answer 19

Nestorius claimed that Christ was the unity of a divine person and a human person. (christ is two persons), mary can not be called mother of god, mary was only mother of christ

Question 20

Council of Chalcedon

Answer 20

Decisive stage in development of the early Christian doctrine of Jesus Christ
Reaffirmed both Nicaea and Constantinople