Themes - Summary 12

Question 1

Shape of Early Doric temples

Answer 1

Very narrow and long, usually with a single row of columns in the interior of the cella supporting the roofing system. Example: Thermos in Aetolia

Question 2

Early experimentation with architectural form of temples

Answer 2

Temple of Artemis on Korkyra - a large pseudodipteros with two interior colonnades. A;sp the temple of Apollo in Corinth - additional rom between opisthodomos and cella, accessible only through opisthodomos (anticipating the Parthenon)

Question 3

Early Classical Doric temples

Answer 3

Abandon very long plan and the relationship between long and narrow sides becomes more harmonious. Zeus at Olympia is the paragon

Question 4

Temple of Zeus and Olympia

Answer 4

Considered the best Doric by ancients, with 6x13 columns (perfect ratio is 2xshort+1).

Question 5

Experimentation in temple architecture at end of 5th

Answer 5

Columns of inner colonnades are replaced by half-columns in the temple of Apollo in Phigaleia. In same temple, Corinthian is first used.

Question 6

Temple trends from 4th century

Answer 6

Getting smaller in 4th. Architects such as Pytheos develop a very symmetrical and mathematical understanding of temples.
No significant Doric temple projects in Hellenistic. Hermogenes revives Archaic forms

Question 7

Ionic forms

Answer 7

Early Ionic, like Doric, tended to be long and narrow. However there were some gigantic dipteral temples such as in Samos and Ephesos. Yet there were also very small and delicate temple such as that of Athena Nike

Question 8

Ionic temple experimentation

Answer 8

During the Archaic and Late Classical period, while the 5th century is apogee of Doric

Question 9

Naiskos/oi

Answer 9

Very small temple - typical form of the Hellenistic. One-room cella, no opisthodomos, a prunes defined either by walls and very often only by columns.

Question 10

Altars

Answer 10

The only obligatory part of Greek sanctuary. Can exist without temple and/or cult statue. Forms vary, from simple round/square/rect ones to monumentally long.

Question 11

Stoa

Answer 11

Structure defined by three walls with columns at the front. Can be one-, two-, three-storied, can have any number of rows of columns. Can be combined with banquet rooms, be lots of different shapes, or be in the form of a peristyle (open area surrounded by colonnades). Can be a single order or combine. Sheltered worshippers in big festivals, for the display of olive offerings. In the Hellenistic stoai dominate agorai of cities in eastern Mediterranean.

Question 12

Peristyle sanctuary

Answer 12

In late 4th century, architects experiment with stoa and temple combo. Stoai not just surrounding the temple, but creating a closed architectural ensemble where the temple is incorporated into the stoa.