Themes in Biology Flashcards
All living organisms contain four large molecules:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
____________ organisms release oxygen
Photosynthetic (Result… oxygen-based metabolism of large cells and eventually multicellular organisms
The theory of evolution by natural selection rests on two observations:
- high rate of reproduction
- variation exists among individuals in a population
Species are classified into 3 domains:
Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
Species are classified into 6 kingdoms
Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
Life arose (from non-life) about…
4 billion years ago (from atoms and molecules, compartments enclose molecules)
Cell Theory
All organisms consist of cells
All cells come from preexisting cells
Central Dogma
DNA to RNA to Protein
Increasingly diverse ways of capturing _________ for biologically useful reactions
external energy
Complex ___________ cells evolved from prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic
Eukaryotic cells developed into __________ organisms whose cells became modified for specific functions
multicellular
Evolution of sexual reproduction:
improve ability of an organism to adapt to a changing environment
_________ resulted in the millions of species living on Earth today
Speciation
Seven Properties of Life
- Ordered structure (cells, etc.)
- Reproduction
- Growth, development, repair
- Energy use
- Response to environment
- Homeostasis
- Evolutionary adaptation
Biologists ask…
how organisms work
why they evolved to work that way
(Observation based)
Hypothesis
Theory
a principle formed to explain the things already shown in data
Deduction
general to specific
“If all organisms are composed of cells, and humans are organisms, then humans are composed of cells.”
Induction
specific to general
“This organism is made of cells, therefore all organisms are composed of cells”
Science is based on the formulation of
testable, reject-able hypotheses
