Macroevolution

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

A species is an independent monophyletic lineage (group) of organisms that differ from other groups in one or more characteristics and does not intergrade extensively with any other group

Species are groups of actual or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Question 2

Speciation

Answer 2

the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

Question 3

Pseudospeciation

Answer 3

one species splitting into different groups/having different characteristics

Question 4

Anagenesis

Answer 4

species formation without branching of the evolutionary line of descent

Question 5

Cladogenesis

Answer 5

the formation of a new group of organisms or higher taxon by evolutionary divergence from an ancestral form
Cladogenesis is an evolutionary splitting of a parent species into two distinct species, forming a clade

Question 6

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 6

is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with gene flow

Question 7

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 7

the evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region

*Most common in plants! (Polyploid plants)

Question 8

Prezygotic Barriers

Answer 8

reproductive isolating mechanism that occurs BEFORE mating
examples: geographic, mechanical, gametic

Question 9

Postzygotic Barriers

Answer 9

reproductive isolating mechanism that occurs AFTER mating
examples: hybrid sterility, zygote mortality

Question 10

Gradualism

Answer 10

the idea that evolution proceeds chiefly through the accumulation of gradual changes (in contrast to the punctuationist model)

Question 11

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 11

idea that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change