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History - Lenin > Theme Two > Flashcards

Theme Two Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the state of the economy when Lenin came to power?

A

Russia was a long way behind the West and had been broken by World War One.

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2
Q

What were Lenin’s main objectives for the economy?

A
  • Modernisation
  • Stabilisation
  • Destruction of capitalism and inequality
  • Military victory
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3
Q

When was State Capitalism introduced?

A

March 1918

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4
Q

How did Lenin bill State Capitalism?

A

A midway stage between capitalism and socialism.

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5
Q

What were the two main features of State Capitalism?

A
  • Nationalisation of large-scale industry

- The establishment of the Vesenkha

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6
Q

What was the Vesenkha?

A

A team of experts charged with managing the economy

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7
Q

What are three things that the Vesenkha did?

A
  • Offered higher pay to productive workers
  • Employed well-paid specialists to control factories
  • It co-ordinated economic production
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8
Q

When was War Communism introduced?

A

At the beginning of the Civil War.

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9
Q

What measures did War Communism include?

A
  • Nationalisation of all industry
  • Grain requisitioning and rationing
  • An 11-hour working day was introduced
  • Work was made compulsory for able bodied men aged 16 to 50
  • Money and private trade were abolished
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10
Q

Why was the requisitioning system unfair under War Communism?

A

Soldiers in the Red Army received the most whereas the old bourgeoisie were left to starve.

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11
Q

What was a positive outcome of War Communism?

A

The Communists won the war

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12
Q

What were two negative outcomes of War Communism?

A
  • Harvest failed and famine ensued

- The urban workforce fell dramatically

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13
Q

What was the 1921 harvest?

A

Only 46% of that in 1913

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14
Q

How many died in the famine?

A

6 million

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15
Q

What was the urban work force during the war? Why did it change?

A

It fell from 2.6 million to 1.2 million as people headed for the countryside to scavenge for food

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16
Q

What does NEP stand for?

A

New Economic Policy

17
Q

Why did Lenin introduce the NEP?

A
  • He needed to retain his political power
  • Grain production needed boosting to end the famine
  • Wealth was required to industrialise, modernise and achieve socialism
18
Q

How did the NEP compromise with capitalism?

A
  • Farming was left to a free market with requisitioning replaced by a tax in kind
  • Small businesses were denationalised and returned to their owners
  • Money was reintroduced
19
Q

What were three positive effects of the NEP?

A
  • The famine ended as grain production rose
  • Industry revived
  • Smychka
20
Q

How did the NEP revive grain production?

A

The free market encouraged the farmers to grow more.

21
Q

How much did grain output go up by under the NEP?

A

It went from 37.61 million tons in 1921 to 76.8 million tons in 1926

22
Q

How did Lenin revive industry?

A

The electrification campaign

23
Q

What was Smychka?

A

An alliance of support for Lenin from workers and peasants.

24
Q

What were four disadvantages of the NEP?

A
  • The scissors crisis
  • Small farms failed
  • NEPmen
  • Gambling, prostitution and drug dealing increased
25
Q

What was the scissors crisis?

A

Industry recovered slower than agriculture. This meant that the price of crops fell while the price of industrial goods increased. This meant that farmers couldn’t afford them.

26
Q

How did the government deal with the scissors crisis?

A

It intervened and forcibly cut the price of industrial goods by subsiding the prices.

27
Q

Who were NEPmen?

A

Traders who grew rich by travelling the country selling rare goods

28
Q

Why was the Left of the party opposed to the NEP?

A

They wanted collectivisation and total nationalisation.

29
Q

Who lead the left opposition to Lenin?

A

Trotsky

30
Q

What was the name of Trotsky’s opposition to the NEP?

A

The Dictatorship of Industry

31
Q

What would have been the potential effects of the Dictatorship of Industry?

A

It would reach communism quickly but at the expense of peasant support.

32
Q

Who lead the right faction of the Party?

A

Bukharin

33
Q

Why was the NEP popular with the right of the party?

A

They thought it would slowly build socialism while maintaining social harmony.

34
Q

Why were some members of the right of the party cautious about the NEP?

A

They feared capitalists would re-emerge and revolt.

35
Q

What was the right of the party’s slogan?

A

Building socialism with capitalist hands

36
Q

Who was at the forefront of the centre of the party?

A

Stalin

37
Q

What is another name given to the centre of the Party?

A

The pragmatists

History - Lenin (3 decks)

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