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History - Lenin > Theme One > Flashcards

Theme One Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Lenin and the Bolsheviks come to power?

A

October 1917

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2
Q

What was the All-Russian Congress of Soviets?

A

A body elected by the soviets to represent their individual needs and desires.

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3
Q

Where was the All-Russian Congress of Soviets?

A

Petrograd

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4
Q

What was the Sovnarkom?

A

A cabinet elected by the All-Russian Congress of Soviets to formulate laws which the Congress could then vote on.

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5
Q

Who was elected as head of the Sovnarkom?

A

Lenin

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6
Q

What were the three main decrees Lenin’s government passed early on?

A
  • The Decree on Land
  • The Decree of Peace
  • The Workers’ Decrees
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7
Q

What did the Decree on Land do?

A

It gave the peasants the right to seize land from the nobility and the church.

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8
Q

What did the Decree of Peace do?

A

It ended Russia’s involvement in World War One.

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9
Q

What did the Workers’ Decrees do?

A

They established an 8 hour working day and a minimum wage.

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10
Q

How did the initial decrees help Lenin’s government?

A

They consolidated support amongst the workers and gave the government “breathing space” to start rebuilding and restructuring.

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11
Q

Why was Lenin still weak in 1918?

A
  • He really only had power over Petrograd where the revolution took place
  • The revolution hadn’t spread to the countryside
  • The Sovnarkom was highly disorganised
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12
Q

What are the arguments in favour of Lenin’s pre-Civil War state being democratic?

A

+ The first decrees were very popular

+ There was potential for a coalition government

+ The All-Russian Congress of Soviets contained representatives from the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries

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13
Q

What are the arguments against Lenin’s pre-Civil War state being democratic>

A
  • In January 1918, he closed the Constituent Assembly with force after one meeting because the Bolsheviks weren’t the largest party
  • Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk giving away swaths of land in return for Russia’s withdrawal from WW1 despite popular opposition
  • After he lost the soviet elections, he forcibly expelled the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries
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14
Q

Who were the three sides in the Civil War?

A

The Reds, Whites and Greens.

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15
Q

Who were the Reds in the Civil War?

A

The Communists

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16
Q

Who were the whites in the civil war?

A

Liberals, tsarists and those wanting a military dictatorship.

17
Q

Who were the greens in the civil war?

A

The SRs and anarchists

18
Q

What were the three main ways that civil war changed Lenin’s system of government?

A
  • Lenin introduced the Politburo to bypass the Sovnarkom
  • The Bureaucracy became stronger as the communists relied on skilled administrators to run the economy and army
  • In 1921, Lenin introduced the Cheka
19
Q

Why did Lenin want to bypass the Sovnarkom?

A

Because it was too large, too inefficient and was accountable to the All Russian Congress of Soviets.

20
Q

What did the Sovnarkom become during the civil war?

A

A rubber stamp for the decisions made by the Politburo.

21
Q

Why did Lenin call the Party Congress of 1921?

A

To deal with the famine created by War Communism and the growling backlash towards the party.

22
Q

When was the Tambov uprising?

A

January 1921

23
Q

What did the peasants in the Tambov region revolt against?

A

Grain requisitioning and the Cheka’s use of force

24
Q

How many peasants partook in the Tambov uprising?

A

50,000

25
Q

How did the Party deal with the Tambov uprising?

A

The Red Army were deployed. They sent 100,000 people to labour camps and used poison gas on villages.

26
Q

What happened in cities like Petrograd in 1921?

A

People went on strike against War Communism.

27
Q

How did the Party respond to the strikes in Petrograd in 1921?

A

The Red Army started to attack unarmed protestors.

28
Q

What was the Kronstadt mutiny?

A

A rebellion by sailors in Kronstadt who called for a return to democracy.

29
Q

What was the problem with the way Lenin’s government dealt with uprisings?

A

It made them seem unreasonable and thus started to turn people against them.

30
Q

What two things were introduced in the Party Congress of 1921?

A

The NEP and “On Party Unity”

31
Q

What was On Party Unity?

A

A resolution that banned factions and threatened expulsion for anyone who tried to form one.

32
Q

By what year were all opposition parties eradicated?

A

1921

33
Q

What was Lenin’s lasting political legacy for Stalin?

A
  • The Politburo eclipsed the Sovnarkom by 1920
  • Opposition was banned from 1921 onwards
  • A new elite was established of party members

History - Lenin (3 decks)

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