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DP Physics HL > Theme C > Flashcards

Theme C Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the amplitude

A

The maximum displacement from an oscillation

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2
Q

What is the period, T

A

The time required for the position and velocity of the object to repeat

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3
Q

What is frequency, f

A

The number of oscillations completed per
unit time. (seconds)

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4
Q

Define simple harmonic motion

A

When the restoring acceleration is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium and in the opposite direction

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5
Q

State the equation for a simple harmonic oscillator

A

Where:

a = acceleration
ω = angular frequency
x = displacement from equilibrium

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6
Q
A

Where:

T = period
f = frequency
ω = angular frequency

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7
Q

Characteristics of harmonic oscillator

A
  • Period constant
  • Amplitude constant
  • Isochronous
  • position, velocity, acceleration are sinusoidal functions of time
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8
Q

State the period of harmonic oscillation of a spring

A

Where:

T = period
m = mass
k = spring constant

g would not affect the period and only the equilibrium position

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9
Q

State the period of harmonic oscillation of a pendulum

A

Where:

T = period
l = length of string
g = acceleration of free fall

the period is independent of the mass

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10
Q

Comment on the energy within oscillatory motion

A

The energy of the system itself
oscillates between potential and kinetic.

The energy oscillates with a frequency twice that of the system’s oscillation’s.

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11
Q

Differentiate between transverse and longitudinal waves

A

Transverse: The disturbance of the wave is perpendicular to the direction of propagation

Longitudinal: The disturbance of the wave is parallel to the direction of propagation

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12
Q

Define wavelength

A

Length of one repeating section

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13
Q

State the equation for wave speed

A

Where:

v = wavespeed
f = frequency
λ = wavelength
T = period

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14
Q

What are compressions and rarefactions in longitudinal mechanical waves

A

Compression is where the medium is pushed together and rarefaction is where the medium is pulled apart

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15
Q

Wavefronts

A

Continuous surfaces on a wave separated by a wavelength

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16
Q

Rays

A

Arrows which show the direction of propagation

17
Q

Relationship between wavefronts and waves

A

perpendicular

18
Q

Define intensity, I

A

Power delivered per unit area to a surface

19
Q

Relationship between intensity and amplitude

A

Intensity is often proportional to the square of the amplitude of the wave

20
Q

Relationship between intensity and distance from the source

A

Inversley proportional to the square of the distance from the source

21
Q

What is diffraction

A

The ends of the wave fronts spread out

22
Q

What angles do waves get reflected towards

A

Same angle on the opposite side of the normal

23
Q

When is a reflected wave flipped

A

When the incident wave is traveling into a medium which resists oscillations more

24
Q

What is refraction

A

When the transmitted wave propagates at a different angle from the normal because the wave speeds of the two mediums are different

25
Q

What is the refractive index, n

A

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum, c, to the speed of an electromagnetic wave in a medium, v.

Refractive index of air is 1.

26
Q

When will electromagnetic waves be flipped when reflected

A

When the wave is incident on a medium of higher refractive index

27
Q

State snells law

A

where:

n = refractive index
theta = angle between the ray and the normal
v = wavespeed in one medium

28
Q

Under what conditions does total internal reflection occur

A

If v2 > v1, or equivalently n2 > n1, then there are possible angles of incident θ1 such that there are no real solutions for θ2.

29
Q

What is the critical angle

A

The largest angle of incidence before total internal reflection occurs

30
Q

Constructive and destructive interference

A
31
Q

What are coherent waves

A

waves with identical frequency and wavelengths

32
Q

Complete constructive and complete destructive interference formula

A
33
Q

State the formula for double slit interference

A

Where:
s = spacing of the bands
λ = wavelength of the interfering wave
D = distance between the double slits and the detector screen
d = separation of the two slits.

DP Physics HL (6 decks)

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