Theme 6 - Development and Resource Issues

Question 1

What is development?

Answer 1

The process of change which improves the wealth and quality of life of people

Question 2

What is economic development?

Answer 2

The result of increased employment and rising incomes

Question 3

What is social development?

Answer 3

When there is a rise in life expectancy and greater access to education, healthcare, clean water and housing for all people, particularly for women and minority groups.

Question 4

What is political development?

Answer 4

Forming a stable government and allowing greater freedom of speech

Question 5

What is the development gap?

Answer 5

The widening difference in levels of development between the world’s richest and poorest countries

Question 6

What is the development continuum?

Answer 6

A linear scale from highly developed countries to those with a low level of development

Question 7

What is the world bank?

Answer 7

An international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes

Question 8

What is GNI per capita?

Answer 8

Gross national income per capita is a measure of the economic output of a country, including income from foreign investments, divided by its population (per capita means per person)

Question 9

What is GDP?

Answer 9

Gross national income is the total value of goods and services produced by a country

Question 10

What are the limitations of the evidence of development?

Answer 10

They measure only wealth and do not include social factors
They do not recognise inequality within a country
They do not consider the cost of living within a country and hence the number of goods that can be bought with a given amount

Question 11

How is economic development measured?

Answer 11

GDP
GNI
Employment structure
Poverty

Question 12

How has global trade led to uneven patterns of development?

Answer 12

HICs generally export valuable manufactured goods and services such as electronics, cars and financial services. They import cheaper primary products like sugar, flowers, tea, and coffee.
LICs earn little and remain in poverty, the country is forced to borrow money to pay for its imports and the country goes into debt

Question 13

What are the characteristics of a NIC?

Answer 13

Rapid economic growth based on exporting goods/services
Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
Stable governments and strong political leaders
Large amounts of foreign direct investment from MNCs
An expanding domestic market

Question 14

What is globalisation?

Answer 14

The process by which the world’s economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through networks of communication transportation and trade

Question 15

What factors lead to globalisation?

Answer 15

Improved technology
Improvements in communication
Advances in transport
The removal of trade barriers
The growth of MNCs

Question 16

Why do multinational companies locate plants in different countries?

Answer 16

Government incentives
Availability of raw materials
Lower labour costs
Proximity to the markets where goods are sold
Ability to sell inside trade barriers
Reduced costs of buildings and land
Weaker legislation with regard to staff safety and welfare, protecting the environment and planning

Question 17

What has created the rapid growth in tourism?

Answer 17

Increased life expectancy and early retirement
Higher salaries and savings
Modern aircraft
The growth of holiday companies has made bookings easier and holidays more affordable
The internet has allowed people to find out about holiday destinations and make their own travel and accommodation agreements
More stable governments around the world have led to easier and safer travel

Question 18

What are the different types of aid?

Answer 18

Bilateral Aid
Multilateral aid
Short-term emergency aid
Long-term development aid
Debt abolition
Aid from non-governmental organisations

Question 19

What are the aims of fair trade?

Answer 19

Minimum wages and safe working conditions
Restrictions on child labour
Protection of the environment
Improved schools and healthcare

Question 20

What is the water footprint?

Answer 20

The total volume of water consumed and polluted by people. It is calculated by adding the direct and indirect water use of people

Question 21

Why has global consumption of water increased?

Answer 21

Increasing population
Economic development-The water footprint of HICs is much higher than in LICs
Agricultural change
Industrial growth
Growth of consumerism

Question 22

What is water security?

Answer 22

When people have enough safe and affordable water to stay healthy
When there is sufficient water for agriculture and industry
When the supply is sustainable and ecosystems that supply water are conserved
When people are protected from water-related hazards such as drought

Question 23

What is water stress?

Answer 23

When the demand for water exceeds the available supply or when poor quality of water restricts its use

Question 24

Name 6 strategies to manage water supply

Answer 24

Building dams and reservoirs
Water transfer schemes
Desalination plants
Water conservation
Using 'grey' water

Question 25

What is ‘grey’ water?

Answer 25

Water that has either been used previously or is untreated rainwater

Question 26

What is Hydropolitics?

Answer 26

Hydropolitics is politics affected by the availability of water and water resources

Question 27

What are the positive and negative consequences of small-scale water management funded by NGOs?

Answer 27

They are usually bottom-up projects controlled by the local community
They are relatively cheap and easy to set up
Easy to maintain using simple or intermediate technology
They address local issues

Question 28

What is an Aquifer?

Answer 28

A permeable rock which stores and transfers water

Question 29

What is a water table?

Answer 29

The upper boundary of the underground saturated part of the soil or rock

Question 30

What is rainwater harvesting?

Answer 30

The collection of water from surfaces on which rain falls, and storing this water later use

Question 31

What are some social and economic consequences of regional inequality in the UK?

Answer 31

Health conditions are generally poorer in the north
Life expectancy is higher in the south
House prices are higher in the south
Incomes are higher in the south
There is a migration of young professionals from the north to work in the south and London in particular