theme 5 and 6 (virtue ethics & african ethics)

Question 1

The excellences of the responsible engineer reminds us that: / Die uitnemendhede van die verantwoordelike ingenieur herinner ons dat:

Question 1Select one:
a.
We need cost-benefit analyses to figure out what to do / Ons koste-voordeel-ontleding benodig om te bepaal wat om te doen

b.
We need reason alone to figure out what to do / Ons slegs rede (redenasie) benodig om te bepaal wat om te doen

c.
We need logical arguments to figure out what to do / Ons logiese argumente benodig om te bepaal wat om te doen

d.
There is always something new to discover / Daar altyd iets nuut is om te ontdek

e.
We are what we repeatedly do / Ons is wat ons herhaaldelik doen

Answer 1

e

Question 2

True or False. In the African moral perspective, we are born morally tainted and we need to seek redemption through good acts for the community. / Waar of onwaar: Vanuit die morele perspektief van Afrika, word ons moreel besmet gebore en moet ons verlossing soek deur ons goeie dade vir die gemeenskap.

Question 2Select one:
True
False

Answer 2

false

Question 3

True or False. A problem with the emphasis on harmony in Metz’s ubuntu ethics approach is that it forces individuals to go with the majority view / Waar of onwaar: ‘n Probleem met die klem op harmonie in Metz se Ubuntu-etiese-benadering, is dat dit individue dwing om met die meerderheidsbeskouing te gaan.

Question 3Select one:
True
False

Answer 3

false (got this wrong)

Question 4

Values such as mutual helpfulness, reciprocity, and interdependence are central to a relational ethics. Relationality creates a moral mandate: we have a duty to… / Waardes soos wedersydse hulpvaardigheid, wederkerigheid en interafhanklikheid staan sentraal in relasionaliteitsetiek (verhoudingsetiek). Relasionaliteit skep ‘n morele mandaat: Ons het ‘n plig om…

Question 4Select one:
a.
Cooperate and support others / Saam te werk en andere te ondersteun

b.
Respect individual sovereignty / Individuele soewereiniteit te respekteer

c.
Win friends and influence people / Vriende te maak en mense te beïnvloed

d.
Allow others the autonomy to live their lives in a self-sufficient manner / Andere die outonomie te gun om hulle lewens op in selfonderhoudende wyse te lewe

Answer 4

a

Question 5

True or False. Virtues are of no use in those situations where engineers have discretion. / Waar of onwaar: Deugde is van geen waarde in daardie situasies waar ingenieurs diskresie het nie.

Question 5Select one:
True
False

Answer 5

false

Question 6

Virtue ethics is applicable in particular when an engineer: / Deugde-etiek is veral van toepassing as ‘n ingenieur:

Question 6Select one:
a.
Has to do a cost-benefit analysis / Koste-voordeel-ontleding moet doen

b.
Has to figure out duties / Verpligtinge moet bepaal

c.
Has to get out of trouble / Uit die moeilikheid moet kom

d.
Is confronted with complexity, uncertainty, unpredictability, chaos and disruption / Gekonfronteer word met kompleksiteit, onsekerheid,onvoorspelbaarheid en ontwrigting

e.
Has to apply rules / Die reels moet toepas

Answer 6

d

Question 7

Fill in the blank: Virtue ethics is one of the [ ] traditions of ethical thought. / Vul die spasie: Deugde-etiek is een van die [ ] tradisies van etiese denke.

Question 7Select one:
a.
most abstract / Mees abstrakte

b.
Socialist / Sosialistiese

c.
Oldest / Oudste

d.
Most radical / Mees radikale

e.
Most recent / Mees onlangse

Answer 7

c

Question 8

On Metz’s approach, personhood is acquired: / Volgens Metz se benadering , word persoonskap bereik:

Question 8Select one:
a.
to the extent that one participates in relationships of identification and solidarity / Tot so ‘n mate dat ‘n mens deelneem aan verhoudings van identifikasie en solidariteit

b.
on account of species membership / As gevolg van spesie-lidmaatskap

c.
through some quality that is intrinsic to the individual / Deur middel van ‘n kwaliteit wat intrinsiek aan die individu is

d.
only at group level / Slegs op groepsvlak

Answer 8

a

Question 9

True or False. The virtue of respect for nature in engineering entails, among other things, that you take pride in developing technologies that enable us to live well with nature. / Waar of onwaar: In die ingenieurswese behels die deug van respek vir die natuur, onder andere, dat jy trots daarop is om tegnologieë te ontwikkel wat ons in staat stel om goed saam met die natuur te lewe

Question 9Select one:
True
False

Answer 9

true

Question 10

True or False: The limitations of virtue ethics are linked to its strengths / Waar of Onwaar: Die tekortkominge van Deugde-Etiek hou verband met die sterkpunte van Deugde-Etiek.

Question 10Select one:
True
False

Answer 10

true

Question 11

According to virtue ethics, the virtues: / Volgens deugde-etiek, kan die volgende oor deugde gesê word:

Question 11Select one:
a.
Cannot be motivated by any feelings or passions / Hulle kan nie deur gevoelens of hartstog gemotiveer word nie

b.
are good insofar as they are the cause of human flourishing and therefore lead to happiness / Hulle is goed, in soverre hulle die mens laat floreer en sodoende tot geluk lei

c.
coincide with doing our duty / Hulle val saam met die uitvoering van ons plig

d.
motivate us to do the right thing / Hulle motiveer ons om die regte ding te doen

e.
are driven by logical reason / Hulle word deur logiese denke gedryf

Answer 11

d (d got this wrong)

Question 12

Given the diversity of culture, tradition, and moral thinking on the continent we may question the use of the term ‘African’ ethics. However, Gyekye argues that, despite the differences, we can meaningfully speak of African ethics. Why? / Gegewe die diverse kulture, tradisies en morele denkwyses op die kontinent, mag ons die gebruik van die term Afrika-etiek bevraagteken. Ten spyte van die verskille, argumenteer Gyeke wel vir ‘n betekenisvolle gespek oor Afrika-etiek. Waarom?

Question 12Select one:
a.
There are similar themes and concerns in different African moral theories / Daar is ooreenstemmende temas en kwessies in verskillende morele teorieë in Afrika

b.
He is simply making a geographical point / Hy maak bloot ‘n geografiese punt

c.
None of these: Gyekye is purely concerned with Akan culture / Geen een van hierdie nie: Gyeke is suiwer met die Akan-kultuur gemoeid

d.
African ethics developed in response to European ethics / Afrika-etiek het ontwikkel in reaksie teenoor Europese etiek

Answer 12

a

Question 13

True or False. According to virtue ethics, engineers require practice, moral education and role models to develop a balance between their reasoning skills and their intuitive side in order to acquire the excellences we need for engineering ethics. / Waar of onwaar: Volgens die deugde-etiek het ingenieurs oefening, morele opleiding en rolmodelle nodig om ‘n balans tussen hulle redenasievaardighede en hulle intuïtiewe kant te ontwikkel, om sodoende die uitnemendheid wat ons in ingenieurs-etiek benodig, te behaal.

Question 13Select one:
True
False

Answer 13

true

Question 14

True or False. Virtue ethics cannot be used to assess technology and guide technology development. / Waar of onwaar: Deugde-etiek kan nie ingespan word om toegang tot tegnologie te verkry en die ontwikkeling van tegnologie te lei nie.

Question 14Select one:
True
False

Answer 14

false

Question 15

True of False: On Metz’s Ubuntu account the idea of harmony can be explained solely in terms of a sense of identification / Waar of Onwaar: Volgens Metz se siening van Ubuntu kan die idee van harmonie verduidelik word deur alleenlik na die begrip van identifisering te verwys

Question 15Select one:
True
False

Answer 15

false

Question 16

“To have character we need more than knowledge of the good, we also need to translate that knowledge into action.” This statement is most true of which theory or theories / “Om karakter te hê, benodig ons meer as kennies van die goeie. Ons moet daardie kennis ook omskakel na handeling.” Van watter teorie/teorieë is hierdie stelling die meeste waar:

Question 16Answer
a.
The statement does not refer to any of these choices / Die stelling hou geen verband met enige van hierdie keuses nie

b.
Utilitarianism and Virtue ethics / Utilitarisme en deugde-etiek

c.
Virtue ethics and Ubuntu ethics / Deugde-etiek en Ubuntu-etiek

d.
Utilitarianism / Utilitarisme

e.
Deontology and Virtue ethics / Deontologie en deugde-etiek

Answer 16

c

Question 17

True or False. Modern virtue ethics developed to resolve the tensions between utilitarianism and deontology. / Waar of onwaar: Moderne deugde-etiek het ontwikkel om die spanning tussen utilitarisme en deontologie op te los.

Question 17Select one:
True
False

Answer 17

false (got this wrong)

Question 18

To enable an appropriate response sensitive to situation and everyone involved, virtues must be exercised in moderation and with measure. According to Aristotle, this means that virtues: / Deugde moet matig en gemeet toegepas word om ‘n gepaste respons moontlik te maak wat sensitief teenoor die situasie en almal betrokke is. Daarvolgens sê Aristoteles dat deugde:

Question 18Select one:
a.
Are indistinguishable from vices / Ononderskeidbaar van ondeugde is

b.
Are action guiding / Gidse vir handeling is

c.
Are a mean between two extremes / Die gemiddelde tussen twee uiterstes is

d.
Are instrinsically valuable / Intrinsieke waarde het

e.
must be conceived in an abstract way so as to be applicable to a variety of contexts / Op ‘n abstrakte wyse beskou moet word om sodoende van toepassing op ‘n verskeidenheid van kontekste te wees

Answer 18

c

Question 19

Within the African ethical framework, to say someone is ‘good’ is to say that / Om binne die raamwerk van Afrika-etiek te sê dat iemand ‘goed’ is, beteken:

Question 19Select one:
a.
They never change their habits / Hulle nooit hulle gewoontes verander nie

b.
They are a person of character / Hulle ‘n persoon van karakter is

c.
They do their duty / Hulle hul pligte nakom

d.
They are popular in the community / Hulle gewild onder die gemeenskap is

Answer 19

b

Question 20

One of the criticisms of virtue ethics is that it: / Een van die kritiese argumente teen deugde-etiek is:

Question 20Answer
a.
is too abstract / Dat dit té abstrak is

b.
is impractical / Dat dit onprakties is

c.
is too flexible / Dat dit té buigsaam is

d.
pays too much attention to context / Dat dit te veel fokus op konteks

e.
lacks action guidance / Dat dit tekort skiet aan handelingsleiding

Answer 20

e

Question 21

True or False: Virtue ethics and African ethics are closely related but virtue ethics is more action guiding because it is explicitly socially focused. / Waar of Onwaar: Deugde-Etiek en Afrika-Etiek het ’n noue verwantskap, maar Deugde-Etiek is meer aksie-leidend omdat dit eksplisiet op die sosiale wêreld gefokus is

Question 1Select one:
True
False

Answer 21

false

Question 22

One of the following is not one of the virtues implied or assumed at first sight by ECSA’s Code of Conduct / Een van die onderstaande is nie een van die deugde wat deur ECSA se Gedragskode geïmpliseer of aangeneem word nie:

Question 2Select one:
a.
Fidelity / Getrouheid

b.
Integrity / Integriteit

c.
Dignity / Waardigheid

d.
Diligence / Ywer

e.
Wittiness / Spitsvondigheid

Answer 22

e

Question 23

According to Gyekye, the fact that African ethical theories see the good as that which promotes human welfare and social well-being makes it a: / Die feit dat Afrika-etiese teorieë die bevordering van menslike welsyn en sosiale welstand as die goeie beskou, maak dit, volgens Gyeke:

Question 3Select one:
a.
ethics of care / etiek van sorg

b.
humanitarian ethics / humanitêre etiek

c.
humanist ethics / humanistiese etiek

d.
welfare ethics / Welsynsetiek

Answer 23

c

Question 24

Incorporating the insights of African ethics in engineering means: / Om die insigte van Afrika-etiek in die ingenieurswese te inkorporeer, beteken:

Question 4Select one:
a.
consulting with affected communities on the impact a new project, technology, or service will have on them / Om met geaffekteerde gemeenskappe te konsulteer oor die impak wat ‘n projek, tegnologie of diens op hulle sal hê

b.
prioritising the well-being of the community through prioritising profit – this boosts the economy / Om die welsyn van die gemeenskap te priotiriseer deur wins – dit bevorder die ekonomie

c.
incorporating self-care and community care practices at the workplace / Om selfsorg- en gemeenskapsorgpraktyke in die werkplek te inkorporeer

d.
reformulating responsibility as relationality / Om verantwoordelikheid as relasionaliteit te herformuleer

Answer 24

a

Question 25

The justification for following virtue ethics is that: / Die regverdiging om deugde-etiek na te volg is dat: Question 5Answer a. Virtues are instrumental in causing human flourishing and thus lead to happiness / Deugde die mens laat floreer en sodoende tot menslike geluk lei b. Acting virtuously is in keeping with human nature / Om deugsaam op te tree met die menslike natuur strook c. Acting virtuous will make the world a better place / Om deugsaam op te tree die wêreld ‘n beter plek sal maak d. The virtues are constitutive of human flourishing / Deugde konstruktief vir menslike bloei is e. None of these is correct / Nie een van hierdie is korrek nie

Answer 25

d

Question 26

True or False. The habituation of virtues over time is aimed at the automatic and unquestioning display of the virtues in a way that is akin to conditioning / Waar of onwaar: Die gewoontemaking van deugde oor ‘n tydperk, is gemik op outomatiese en onbevraagde vertoning van die deugde op ‘n manier wat soortgelyk aan kondisionering is Question 6Select one: True False

Answer 26

false

Question 27

For Aristotle practical wisdom (phronésis) is: / Aristoteles se praktiese wysgeid (fronesis) is: Question 7Select one: a. the same in content as tact / Inhoudelik dieselfde as takt b. A situational appreciation of what is important / ‘n Situasionele waardering van wat belangrik is c. A technical understanding / ‘n Tegniese begrip d. A theoretical understanding / ‘n Teoretiese begrip

Answer 27

b

Question 28

True or False. Virtue ethics for engineers entails a sub-set of the virtues generally accepted in society. / Waar of onwaar: Die deugde-etiek vir ingenieurs behels ‘n onderafdeling van die deugde wat algemeen aanvaarbaar in die gemeenskap is. Question 8Select one: True False

Answer 28

true

Question 29

Given the diversity of culture, tradition, and moral thinking on the continent we may question the use of the term ‘African’ ethics. However, Gyekye argues that, despite the differences, we can meaningfully speak of African ethics. Why? / Gegewe die diverse kulture, tradisies en morele denkwyses op die kontinent, mag ons die gebruik van die term Afrika-etiek bevraagteken. Ten spyte van die verskille, argumenteer Gyeke wel vir ‘n betekenisvolle gespek oor Afrika-etiek. Waarom? Question 9Select one: a. None of these: Gyekye is purely concerned with Akan culture / Geen een van hierdie nie: Gyeke is suiwer met die Akan-kultuur gemoeid b. There are similar themes and concerns in different African moral theories / Daar is ooreenstemmende temas en kwessies in verskillende morele teorieë in Afrika c. African ethics developed in response to European ethics / Afrika-etiek het ontwikkel in reaksie teenoor Europese etiek d. He is simply making a geographical point / Hy maak bloot ‘n geografiese punt

Answer 29

b

Question 30

True or False. Virtue ethics moves the debate from “right action” to the motivation of our actions. / Waar of onwaar: Deugde-etiek verskuif die gesprek van “korrekte handeling” na die motivering van ons handelinge. Question 10Select one: True False

Answer 30

true

Question 31

True or False. According to virtue ethics, engineers require practice, moral education and role models to develop a balance between their reasoning skills and their intuitive side in order to acquire the excellences we need for engineering ethics. / Waar of onwaar: Volgens die deugde-etiek het ingenieurs oefening, morele opleiding en rolmodelle nodig om ‘n balans tussen hulle redenasievaardighede en hulle intuïtiewe kant te ontwikkel, om sodoende die uitnemendheid wat ons in ingenieurs-etiek benodig, te behaal. Question 11Select one: True False

Answer 31

true

Question 32

True or False. The core virtues defining excellence in different professions are identical to one another. / Waar of onwaar: Die kernbeginsels wat uitnemendheid in verskillende beroepe definieer, is identies. Question 12Select one: True False

Answer 32

false

Question 33

In his interview, Mhlambi speaks of technology in service of revolution. How can we interpret this? / Gedurende sy onderhoud praat Mhlambi van tegnologie in diens van revolusie. Hoe kan ons dit interpreteer? Question 13Select one: a. Benefits such as profits should all go to communities / Voordele soos wins moet na die gemeenskap gaan b. New technologies provide us with the opportunity to right the wrongs and injustices of the past / Nuwe tegnologieë gee ons die geleentheid om die verkeerde dinge en ongeregtighede van die verlede reg te stel c. We should resist oppressive structures with force, if necessary / Ons moet onderdrukkende strukture omverwerp – indien nodig, met geweld d. Using AI in service of communities through increased surveillance / Om kunsmatige intelligensie in diens van die gemeenskap te gebruik vir verhoogde toesig e. A call to arms for luddites / ‘n Beroep op luddiete om wapens op te neem

Answer 33

b

Question 34

True or False. Virtue ethics is able to give a strong justification for the aspirational component of engineering. / Waar of onwaar: Deugde-etiek is in staat om ’n sterk regverdiging te gee aan die aspirasie-komponente van die ingenieurswese. Question 14Select one: True False

Answer 34

true

Question 35

True or False. In the African moral perspective, we are born morally tainted and we need to seek redemption through good acts for the community. / Waar of onwaar: Vanuit die morele perspektief van Afrika, word ons moreel besmet gebore en moet ons verlossing soek deur ons goeie dade vir die gemeenskap. Question 15Select one: True False

Answer 35

false

Question 36

Values such as mutual helpfulness, reciprocity, and interdependence are central to a relational ethics. Relationality creates a moral mandate: we have a duty to... / Waardes soos wedersydse hulpvaardigheid, wederkerigheid en interafhanklikheid staan sentraal in relasionaliteitsetiek (verhoudingsetiek). Relasionaliteit skep ‘n morele mandaat: Ons het ‘n plig om... Question 16Select one: a. Win friends and influence people / Vriende te maak en mense te beïnvloed b. Allow others the autonomy to live their lives in a self-sufficient manner / Andere die outonomie te gun om hulle lewens op in selfonderhoudende wyse te lewe c. Respect individual sovereignty / Individuele soewereiniteit te respekteer d. Cooperate and support others / Saam te werk en andere te ondersteun

Answer 36

d

Question 37

Technology that does not enable us to live our lives well with that technology, is not worth developing. This statement comes from the heart of: / Dis nie die moeite werd om tegnologie te ontwikkel wat ons nie in staat stel om ons lewens goed te leef saam met daardie tegnologie nie. Hierdie stelling kom uit die hart van die: Question 17Select one: a. South Africa's Bill of Rights / Suid-Afrikaanse Handves van Regte b. ECSA's Code of Conduct / ECSA se Gedragskode c. Virtue Ethics / Deugde-etiek d. Deontology / Deontologie e. Utilitarianism / Utilitarisme

Answer 37

c

Question 38

Ubuntu ethics is most closely related to: / Ubuntu-etiek is die naaste verwant aan: Question 18Answer a. Utilitarianism / Utilitarisme b. it is not closely related to any of these / Dit is nie naby verwant aan enige van hierdie nie c. Virtue ethics / Deugde-etiek d. Kantian thought / Kantiaanse denke

Answer 38

c

Question 39

True or False. Virtue ethics requires that we promote fixed, abstract, agent-based moral principles / Waar of onwaar: Deugde-etiek vra dat ons vasgestelde, abstrakte, agent-gebaseerde morele beginsels bevorder Question 19Select one: True False

Answer 39

false

Question 40

Within the African ethical framework, to say someone is ‘good’ is to say that / Om binne die raamwerk van Afrika-etiek te sê dat iemand ‘goed’ is, beteken: Question 20Select one: a. They do their duty / Hulle hul pligte nakom b. They are popular in the community / Hulle gewild onder die gemeenskap is c. They never change their habits / Hulle nooit hulle gewoontes verander nie d. They are a person of character / Hulle ‘n persoon van karakter is

Answer 40

d