theme 3 and 4 (utilitarianism & kantian ethics) Flashcards
According to Kant, we are guided in our duty by: / Volgens Kant word ons in ons plig gelei deur:
Question 1Select one:
a.
the Categorical Imperative / Die Kategoriese Imperatief
b.
religious scripture / Goedsdienstige geskrifte
c.
our moral judgement / Ons morele oordeel
d.
The Bible / Die Bybel
a
True or false: Utilitarianism is a deontological theory. / Waar of onwaar: Utilitarisme is ‘n deontologiese teorie.
Question 2Select one:
True
False
false
Which of the following is not one of the problems with cost-benefit analysis? / Watter van die onderstaande is nie een van die problem van koste-voordeel-ontledings nie?
Question 3Answer
a.
Not everything can be measured in financial terms. / Nie alles kan aan finansiële terme gemeet word nie.
b.
It is too demanding, in that it requires us to sacrifice too much. / Dit is te veeleisend, deurdat dit te veel opofferering van ons vra.
c.
It can justify behaviour that seems immoral. / Dit kan gedrag wat immoreel voorkom regverdig.
d.
None of the above. / Geen van die boostaande nie.
b
True or False. The categorical imperative and the golden rule are basically the same thing / Waar of Onwaar. Die Kategoriese Imperatief en die Goue Reël is basies een en dieselfde.
Question 4Select one:
True
False
false
Act utilitarianism makes no distinction between: / Handelings-utilitarisme maak geen onderskeid tussen die volgende nie:
Question 5Answer
a.
Rules and consequences. / Reëls en gevolge.
b.
Pleasure and pain. / Genot en pyn.
c.
Acts and omissions. / Handelinge en versuim.
d.
Impartiality and self-interest. / Onpartydigheid en selfbelang.
c
Supererogatory actions are: / Supererogatoriese aksies is:
Question 6Answer
a.
Actions which are morally good, but which go beyond moral obligation. / Aksies wat morel goed is, maar morele verpligting oorskry.
b.
Possible according to strict utilitarianism. / Moontlik volgens streng utilitarisme.
c.
Actions which are prescribed by act utilitarianism. / Aksies wat deur handelings-utilitarisme voorgeskryf word.
d.
Actions which are prescribed by rule utilitarianism. / Aksies wat deur reël-utilitarisme voorgeskryf word.
a
True or false: Act utilitarianism is essentially moral democracy, in that what matters is the number of people whose happiness is affected by an action. / Waar of onwaar. Handelings-utilitarisme is in wese morele demokrasie, sover dit saak maak hoeveel mense se geluk deur ‘n aksie geraak word.
Question 7Select one:
True
False
false
The idea of universalizability functions in the Golden Rule test by: / Die idee van universaliseerbaarheid funksioneer in die Goue Reël-toets deur:
Question 8Select one:
a.
requiring that when I act in a certain way, I should find it acceptable for others to act similarly / Te vereis dat wanneer ek op ‘n sekere manier optree, ek dit aanvaarbaar moet vind dat andere soortgelyk optree
b.
Recognising that variations of the Golden Rule are found across cultures and human history / Te erken dat variasies van die Goue Reël dwarsoor kulture en die menslike geskiedenis gevind word
c.
implying that the test is applicable to all ethical dilemmas and satisfies the respect for persons standard / Te impliseer dat die toets van toepassing is op alle etiese dilemmas en voldoen aan die respek vir persone standaard
d.
implying that actions can be reversed if they are found to be morally wrong / Te impliseer dat aksies omgekeer kan word as hulle moreel verkeerd bevind word
a
True or false: Different moral theories never lead to the same conclusions about what we ought to do in practice, because they disagree about what makes actions right or wrong. / Waar of onwaar: Verskillende morele teorië kom nooit tot dieselfde gevolgtrekkings oor wat ons in praktyk behoort tedoen nie, omdat hulle verskil oor wat dit is wat aksies reg of verkeerd maak.
Question 9Select one:
True
False
false
True or false: the self-defeating test only applies to actions that we will no longer be able to do if others did them. / Waar of onwaar. Die selfvernietigende toets is net van toepassing op aksies wat ons nie meer sal kan uitvoer as andere hulle doen nie
Question 10Select one:
True
False
false (got this one incorrect)
The problem of instrumentalization is related to the concern that Utilitarianism: / Die probleem van instrumentalisering hou verband met die besorgheid dat Utilitarisme:
Question 11Answer
a.
explicitly states that an immoral action is permissible if it maximises utility / Uitdruklik sê dat ‘n immorele aksie toelaatbaar is as dit utiliteit (nut) maksimeer
b.
can be at odds with concerns about justice and rights / In teen stryd kan wees met besorghede oor reg en geregtigheid
c.
does not give guidance about how we pick between competing good consequences / Ons nie leiding gee oor hoe hoe om te kies tussen kompeterende goeie gevolge nie
d.
focuses excessively on the means taken to achieve good ends / Oormatig fokus op die middele om goeie uitkomste te bereik
b
Classical act utilitarianism is a hedonistic theory. This means that: / Klassieke handelings-utilitarisme is ‘n hedonistiese teorie. Dit beteken dat:
Question 12Answer
a.
Sensual pleasures are all that matter. / Sensuele genot al is wat saak maak.
b.
Consequences are the only things we ought to take into account when determining what to do. / Gevolge die enigste ding is wat ons in aanmerking moet neem as ons bepaal wat om te doen.
c.
Happiness is the only thing which is good in itself. / Geluk die enigste ding is wat opsigself goed is.
d.
Happiness is one of the things which is inherently good. / Geluk een van die dinge is wat inherent goed is.
c
To treat someone as an end in themselves means to: / Om iemand as ‘n doel opsigself te behandel, beteken:
Question 13Select one:
a.
allow someone to decide how they want to die / Om hulle toe te laat om te besluit hoe hulle wil
sterwe.
b.
respect them as fellow emotional animals / Om hulle te respekteer as mede-emosionele diere
c.
Ensure that you contribute towards their happiness / Om te verseker dat jy tot hulle geluk bydra
d.
respect them as moral agents / Om hulle te respekteer as morele agente
d
The right to freedom of speech is an example of an absolute right / Waar of Onwaar. Die reg op vryheid van spraak is ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n absolute reg.
Question 14Select one:
True
False
false
Which of the following is not one of the strengths of act utilitarianism? / Watter van die onderstaande is nie een van die sterk punte van utilitarisme nie?
Question 15Answer
a.
It is consistent. / Dit is konsekwent.
b.
It is clear about the goal of morality. / Dit is duidelik oor die doelvan moraliteit.
c.
It is clear about the method to be used when determining what we ought to do. / Dit is duidelik ook die metode wat gebruik moet word wanneer bepaal word wat ons behoort te doen.
d.
It accords with our moral intuitions. / Dit stem ooreen met ons morele intuïsies.
d
Peter Singer’s analogy of the drowning child is intended to show that: / Peter Singer se analogie van die verdrinkende kind is bedoel om uit te wys dat:
Question 16Answer
a.
We cannot be absolutely consistent with respect to the application of our moral principles. / Ons kan nie absoluut konsekwent wees met betrekking tot die toepassing van ons morele beginsels nie.
b.
If we think that we ought to save a life at a particular cost in one context, we ought to save a life at the same cost in other contexts, and therefore we are not obligated to save the drowning child. / As ons voel dat ons ‘n lewe moet red teen ‘n bepaalde koste in een konteks, ons ook ‘n lewe moet red teen ‘n bepaalde koste in ander kontekste, en ons daarom nie ‘n verpligting het om die verdrinkende kind te red nie.
c.
We ought to save the drowning child as long as there is no cost to ourselves involved. / Ons die verdrinkende kind behoort te red solank daar geen koste vir onsself daaraan verbonde is nie.
d.
If we think that we ought to save a life at a particular cost in one context, we ought to save a life at the same cost in other contexts, and therefore we should do more to combat global poverty. / As ons voel dat ons ‘n lewe moet red teen ‘n bepaalde koste in een konteks, ons ook ‘n lewe moet red teen ‘n bepaalde koste in ander kontekste, en ons daarom meer moet doen om wêreldwye armoede te bekamp.
d
The self-defeating tests asks whether I would be able to continue performing an action if everyone else started doing it too. If my answer to this question is ‘yes’, then that action is: / Die selfvernietigende toets vra of dit vir my moontlik sal wees om aan te hou om ‘n aksie uit te voer as almal anders ook begin om dit te doen. As my antwoord op hierdie vraag ‘ja’ is, dan is daardie aksie:
Question 17Select one:
a.
Morally acceptable / Moreel aanvaarbaar
b.
Morally unacceptable / Moreel onaanvaarbaar
a. morally acceptable
True or false: Kant argues that lying is morally impermissible unless we have a greater duty to protect a life. / Waar of onwaar: Kant argumenteer dat om te lieg moreel ontoelaatbaar is, tensy ons ‘n groter plig het om (‘n) die lewe te beskerm
Question 18Select one:
True
False
false
Which of the following is not a feature of classical act utilitarianism? / Watter van die onderstaande is nie ‘n kenmerk van klassieke utilitarisme nie?
Question 19Answer
a.
Impartiality. / Onpartydigheid.
b.
Hedonism. / Hedonisme.
c.
Consequentialism. / Konsekwensialisme.
d.
Supererogation. / Supererogasie.
d
True or false. One of the problems with Kant’s approach is that paying others for services or work entails treating them as a means to our ends and therefore violates the second formulation of the categorical imperative / Waar of onwaar. Een van die probleme met Kant se benadering is dat om andere vir dienste of werk te betaal, behels dat hulle as ‘n middle tot ‘n doel hanteer word, en dus die tweede formulering van die Kategoriese Imperatief teengaan
Question 20Select one:
True
False
false
