Theme 5 Flashcards
what are the three stages of economic reform and when were they introduced
Acceleration: 1986- keeping the system the same but investing more in it
Perestroika:1987- reforming the system
Market reforms: 1990- abandoning the system
when was the 12th 5 year plan
1986-90
when were foreign firms allowed to set up business in the USSR
January 1987
when were cooperatives legalised that allowed businesses to be established
1988
when was the call for market economy introduced and what did it do
July 1989
spilt the Politburo
when was the 500 Day Programme published and what happened to this
Aug 1990, initially G supportive and so was Yeltsin but under pressure from conservatives G retracted support
how much did output decline by between 1990 and 1991
1/5
when did the government become bankrupt
summer 1991
what was perestroika nicknamed
catastroika
When was Glasnost and give some key dates to show its impact
1986
1988- Soviet press publish criticism of Marx and Lenin
1988- citizens allowed to listen to foreign radio and read foreign newspapers
1988: CP reveal true state of declining economy
why was the Nineteenth Party Congress sos significant and when was it
1988
authorised multi-candidate elections to the Soviets and created the Congress of People’s Deputies
when did the first multi-candidate election tale place for the Congress of Peoples Deputies and what did it lead to
March 1989
formation of the faction IRDG (Inter-regional deputies Group) led by Yeltsin
when were the first republic elections and what was the result
1990
‘Popular Front’ nationalist parties did well, with opposition parties gaining more votes than the Communist Partying Estonia, Georgia, Latvia and Lithuania
when did G create the role of the President of the USSR
14th March 1990
When was Article 6 abolished and what did it allow
14th March 1990
allowed the political parties to form and contest elections
when was Chernobyl and what areas did it irritate
April 1986
Russia, Belarus and Ukraine
Popular fronts were formed in what republics between apr and oct 1988
Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
When did Estonia claim sovereignty
Nov 1988
when was the massacre of a Muslim minority group in Uzbekistan
1989
when was the Tsbili massacre in Georgia
1989
when was the Sinatra Doctrine announced
Aug 1989
when was the Baltic Way protest in the Baltic states
Aug 1989
when as the Berlin Wall brought down
Nov 1989
When did Lithuania declare independence form the USSR
March 1990
When did Yeltsin declare Russian laws superior to USSR laws
MAy 1990
When did Gorbachev send troops into Lithuania and how many were killed
Jan 1991- 14 killed
when was the draft New Union Treaty published
July 1991
when was the coup and what were the consequences
Aug 1991- coup by communist party hardliners in an attempt to scrap the New Union Treaty in favour of retaining centralised control in Moscow
when did the Ukraine independence referendum result in 92% in favour of independence
1st Dec 1991
when did the Commonwealth of Independent States replace USSR and who did it include
8th Dec 1991
Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
When did G become General Secretary
1985
when was the 28th Party Congress where G denounced the use of violence and what was his famous quote
July 1990
‘ a civil society of free people is replacing the stalinist model of socialism’ move to ‘genuine democracy’
When did Yeltsin become Moscow Party leader
1985
when did Yeltsin denounce the privilege of party leaders at the 27t Party Congress
1986
When was Yeltsin sacked as Moscow Party leader
1987
What percentage of votes did Yeltsin win in the election of 1989
89%
when did Yeltsin form the IDRG
1989
opiniom polls of Russian voters of July 1990 showed what
Gorbachev was less popular than Yeltsin
when did Y begin from CPSU
July 1990
when was Y elected a president of Russia
June 1991
What was the role of Yeltsin in the coup
seen as an heroic figure and managed to defeat it to savour G’s power
When did Y ban the CP in Russia
Nov 1991
what did Yeltsin do in Dec 1991 that confirmed the collapse of the USSR
signed the CIS with Ukraine and Belarus which torpedoed the New Union Treaty
