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Russia > Theme 5 > Flashcards

Theme 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three stages of economic reform and when were they introduced

A

Acceleration: 1986- keeping the system the same but investing more in it
Perestroika:1987- reforming the system
Market reforms: 1990- abandoning the system

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2
Q

when was the 12th 5 year plan

A

1986-90

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3
Q

when were foreign firms allowed to set up business in the USSR

A

January 1987

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4
Q

when were cooperatives legalised that allowed businesses to be established

A

1988

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5
Q

when was the call for market economy introduced and what did it do

A

July 1989
spilt the Politburo

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6
Q

when was the 500 Day Programme published and what happened to this

A

Aug 1990, initially G supportive and so was Yeltsin but under pressure from conservatives G retracted support

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7
Q

how much did output decline by between 1990 and 1991

A

1/5

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8
Q

when did the government become bankrupt

A

summer 1991

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9
Q

what was perestroika nicknamed

A

catastroika

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10
Q

When was Glasnost and give some key dates to show its impact

A

1986
1988- Soviet press publish criticism of Marx and Lenin
1988- citizens allowed to listen to foreign radio and read foreign newspapers
1988: CP reveal true state of declining economy

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11
Q

why was the Nineteenth Party Congress sos significant and when was it

A

1988
authorised multi-candidate elections to the Soviets and created the Congress of People’s Deputies

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12
Q

when did the first multi-candidate election tale place for the Congress of Peoples Deputies and what did it lead to

A

March 1989
formation of the faction IRDG (Inter-regional deputies Group) led by Yeltsin

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13
Q

when were the first republic elections and what was the result

A

1990
‘Popular Front’ nationalist parties did well, with opposition parties gaining more votes than the Communist Partying Estonia, Georgia, Latvia and Lithuania

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14
Q

when did G create the role of the President of the USSR

A

14th March 1990

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15
Q

When was Article 6 abolished and what did it allow

A

14th March 1990
allowed the political parties to form and contest elections

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16
Q

when was Chernobyl and what areas did it irritate

A

April 1986
Russia, Belarus and Ukraine

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17
Q

Popular fronts were formed in what republics between apr and oct 1988

A

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

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18
Q

When did Estonia claim sovereignty

A

Nov 1988

19
Q

when was the massacre of a Muslim minority group in Uzbekistan

A

1989

20
Q

when was the Tsbili massacre in Georgia

A

1989

21
Q

when was the Sinatra Doctrine announced

A

Aug 1989

22
Q

when was the Baltic Way protest in the Baltic states

A

Aug 1989

23
Q

when as the Berlin Wall brought down

A

Nov 1989

24
Q

When did Lithuania declare independence form the USSR

A

March 1990

25
Q

When did Yeltsin declare Russian laws superior to USSR laws

A

MAy 1990

26
Q

When did Gorbachev send troops into Lithuania and how many were killed

A

Jan 1991- 14 killed

27
Q

when was the draft New Union Treaty published

A

July 1991

28
Q

when was the coup and what were the consequences

A

Aug 1991- coup by communist party hardliners in an attempt to scrap the New Union Treaty in favour of retaining centralised control in Moscow

29
Q

when did the Ukraine independence referendum result in 92% in favour of independence

A

1st Dec 1991

30
Q

when did the Commonwealth of Independent States replace USSR and who did it include

A

8th Dec 1991
Russia, Ukraine, Belarus

31
Q

When did G become General Secretary

A

1985

32
Q

when was the 28th Party Congress where G denounced the use of violence and what was his famous quote

A

July 1990
‘ a civil society of free people is replacing the stalinist model of socialism’ move to ‘genuine democracy’

33
Q

When did Yeltsin become Moscow Party leader

A

1985

34
Q

when did Yeltsin denounce the privilege of party leaders at the 27t Party Congress

A

1986

35
Q

When was Yeltsin sacked as Moscow Party leader

A

1987

36
Q

What percentage of votes did Yeltsin win in the election of 1989

A

89%

37
Q

when did Yeltsin form the IDRG

A

1989

38
Q

opiniom polls of Russian voters of July 1990 showed what

A

Gorbachev was less popular than Yeltsin

39
Q

when did Y begin from CPSU

A

July 1990

40
Q

when was Y elected a president of Russia

A

June 1991

41
Q

What was the role of Yeltsin in the coup

A

seen as an heroic figure and managed to defeat it to savour G’s power

42
Q

When did Y ban the CP in Russia

A

Nov 1991

43
Q

what did Yeltsin do in Dec 1991 that confirmed the collapse of the USSR

A

signed the CIS with Ukraine and Belarus which torpedoed the New Union Treaty

Russia (5 decks)

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