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MEDICINE GENERAL > theme 3.3 > Flashcards

theme 3.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Echolalia

A

Repeating another person’s words

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2
Q

Echopraxia

A

Repeating another person’s movements

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3
Q

Palilalia

A

Repeating one’s own words

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4
Q

Coprolalia

A

Uttering foul language

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5
Q

Copropraxia

A

Making obscene gestures

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6
Q

Schizotypal

A

Personality disorder cluster A; unusual language, clothes and unkempt. Lack of following social conventions. Magical or paranoid thinking

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7
Q

Cluster A personalities

A

Eccentric, odd behavior. Introverted and withdrawn from life
Paranoid, schizotypal and schizoid.

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8
Q

Cluster B personalities

A

Attracting most attention, dramatic (self-mutilation, suicidal attempts. Problems are always caused by other people. Wait longer to seek therapeutic help.
Histrionic, antisocial, borderline and narcissistic

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9
Q

Cluster C personalities

A

Worried by nature, avoidant, dependent or obsessive-compulsive

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10
Q

Antisocial

A

AKA psychopaths

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11
Q

Schizoid

A

scarce human connection and limited emotion, unmoved by praise or criticism

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12
Q

Histrionic

A

uneasy if theyre not center of attention, seductive behaviour, flamboyant,

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13
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI

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13
Q

Criteria borderline personality disorder

A

Instability of relations, self image and impulsivity. Recurrent suicidal behavior, emptiness and rage. Often coinciding with other personality disorders

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14
Q

Paroxetine

A

SRRI

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15
Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI

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16
Q

Clomipramine

A

TCA

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17
Q

Imipramine

A

TCA

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18
Q

What receptors are targeted by benzodiazepines?

A

GABA-receptors

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19
Q

chlorpromazine

A

Antipsychotic

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20
Q

haloperidol

A

Antipsychotic

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21
Q

clozapine

A

Antipsychotic

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22
Q

olanzapine

A

Antipsychotic

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23
Q

Delusion of reference

A

Pt thinks trivial events are significant personally for them individually

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24
Q

Delusion of persecutor

A

Pt believes harm is going to occur to oneself by persecutor

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25
Q

Delusion of influence

A

Pt believes they have influence on external events by their own thoughts or feelings

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26
Q

Nihilistic delusion

A

Pt believes to be dead, decomposed or annihilated, having lost organs or not existing as a human being

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27
Q

Bizarre delusions

A

Pt believes something that could never be possible in real life

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28
Q

Iamtrigine

A

Used as maintenance tx in bpdII?

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29
Q

Mood-congruent delusion

A

Delusions classified as mood-congruent psychotic symptoms are ‘delusions of guilt, worthlessness, bodily disease, or impending disaster’, while mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms are characterized by ‘persecutory or self-referential delusions and hallucinations without an affective content’

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30
Q

Adjustment disorder

A

Behavioral or emotional problem to recognized stressor (within 3 months, lasting <6 months). Key feature: pt losing control. Not per definition self-limiting. Sx include anxiety and depressive

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31
Q

Most common psychological problem encountered first line care?

A

Adjustment disorders (65%)

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32
Q

Tx adjustment disorders

A

Prevention, stress management, rest (only temporary, not the tx), explore problem and do problem-solving, apply solutions

33
Q

Tx OCD

A

CBT, serotonergic antidepressants (+ antipsychotics if needed)
able to assess only after 10-12 weeks
70% experience relapse within a year after stopping meds

34
Q

Tx bipolar disorder (acute manic episode)

A

If applicable, stop antidepressant. If not, mood stabilizer (+ antipsychotic if severe)
if sleep disturbance/agitation, short-term benzodiazepine
ECT if nothing else works/danger

35
Q

Tx bipolar disorder (depressive episode)

A

Antipsychotic (eg quetiapine), lithium if depression is mild

36
Q

Tx bipolar (maintenance)

A

mood stabilizir (lithium or valproic acid)

37
Q

Tx bipolar (maintenance)

38
Q

Tx personality disorder

A

Psychotherapy tx of choice, long-term and intensive
Pharmacological not tx of choice, only used for comorbidity (low-dose antipsychotics for hallucinations, anti-epileptics as mood stabilizers for impulsive behavior/aggression, SSRI for emotional dysregulation, lithium contraindicated)

39
Q

Psychological tx in personality disorders (4)

A
  1. Dialectic behavioral therapy; tx impulsive and destructive behavior
  2. Mentalisation-based therapy; tx cognitive-affective inability to reflect on one’s own situation
  3. Trasnference-focused therapy; outpatient tx for pt self-destructive behavior
  4. Schema-focused therapy; targets maladaptive thinking/cognitive schemata
40
Q

What is the primary purpose of medication in treating bipolar disorder type 2?

A

To stabilize mood and prevent episodes of depression and hypomania.

41
Q

True or False: Antidepressants are commonly used as a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder type 2.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ are mood stabilizers often prescribed for bipolar disorder type 2.

43
Q

Which class of medications is often used to manage hypomanic episodes in bipolar disorder type 2?

A

Atypical antipsychotics

44
Q

What is the role of lamotrigine in the treatment of bipolar disorder type 2?

A

It is used as a mood stabilizer to prevent depressive episodes.

45
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT typically used to treat bipolar disorder type 2? A) Valproate B) Fluoxetine C) Quetiapine D) Lurasidone

A

B) Fluoxetine

46
Q

What is a common side effect of lithium treatment?

A

Weight gain

47
Q

True or False: Patients with bipolar disorder type 2 should avoid using stimulants and caffeine.

48
Q

Short answer: Name one atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of bipolar disorder type 2.

A

Quetiapine

49
Q

What monitoring is essential for patients taking lithium?

A

Regular blood tests to monitor lithium levels and kidney function.

50
Q

Factitious disorder

A

Urge or need to make oneself sick or do health-harm, without external gain (as apposed to malingering)

51
Q

Functional neurological symptom disorder

A

Disturbing motor and/or sensory changes outside of will or control of pt

52
Q

Health anxiety disorder

A

Persistent anxiety abt having a disease, leading to excessively visiting GP or avoiding healthcare alltogether

53
Q

Somatic symptom disorder

A

1 or more somatic symptoms (explained or unexplained), causing distress or disruption of daily life
Excessive thoughts, feelings or behavior related to said symptom (persistent thoughts or anxiety, excessive energy or time devoted to it)

54
Q

What role does Serotonin play in mental health?

A

Serotonin is associated with depression and anxiety.

55
Q

What mental health condition is Dopamin linked to?

A

Dopamin is linked to psychosis.

56
Q

What conditions are associated with Noradrenalin?

A

Noradrenalin is associated with depression and addiction.

57
Q

What mental health issues are linked to GABA and Glutamate?

A

GABA and Glutamate are linked to depression and suicidality.

58
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

Occurs with use of dopaminergic medication; hyperthermia, sweating, EPS, unconciousness, elevated CK, leukocytosis, renal dysfunction; can be fatal

59
Q

Side effect benzo’s (6)

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, double vision, confusion and aggression

60
Q

Downers drugs (4)

A

Alcohol, GHB, heroin, methadon

61
Q

Stimulant drugs (3)

A

Tobacco, cocain, speed

62
Q

Mind altering drugs (3)

A

Cannabis, NO, XTC

63
Q

Naltrexone (Narolex)

A

Can be given to avoid relapse in addiction of opiates

64
Q

Brain regions involved in addiction (3)

A

Nucleus accumbens (dopamine’s released from here), amygdala, ventral tegmental area

65
Q

Pathway involved in reward system

A

Mesolimbic pathway

66
Q

Pharmacotherapy OCD (4 steps)

A
  1. SSRI
  2. Switch SSRI
  3. Clomipramine (TCA)
  4. SRRI/Clomipramine + antipsychotic
    (CBT first choice)
67
Q

Criteria for (hypo)manic episode

A

Elevated, expansive or irritable mood AND increased activity and energy
Hypomania –> 4 sx, >4 days
Mania –> 5 sx, >7 days

68
Q

Schizophreniform disorder

A

Schizophrenia bus < 6 months and <1 month of sx

69
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

Schizophrenia and mood disorders (depressive/manic sx at the same time as schizophrenia) >2 weeks

70
Q

Brief psychotic disorder

A

Schizophrenia < 1 month

71
Q

Drugs/meds induced psychotic disorder

A

Delusion and/or hallucinations developing soon after intoxication or withdrawal (resolving after a few days, otherwise not drugs/med induced)

72
Q

Schizophrenic disorder more common in rural or urban areas?

73
Q

Prevalence schizophrenic disorders men vs women?

A

Men > women –> 4 : 1
Age of onset men +- 25 y/o
+- 5 years later in women

74
Q

Treatment psychotic disorders

A

Antipsychotics. Positive sx easier to treat
typical focused on pos sx by effecting dop. r
neg sx treated more w atypical sx

75
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

Dangerously low WBC count, if treated with clozapine

76
Q

Contraindications lithium (4)

A

thyroid issues, low renal function, cardiovascular issues, disease of Addison

77
Q

Contraindications anticonvulsants (2)

A

Hematological or liver disorders

78
Q

Contraindications carbamazepine (anticonvulsant) (2)

A

Cardiovascular disorders and blood disorders

79
Q

Contraindications antipsychotics and valproic acid (2)

A

being overweight, closed glaucoma (alonzapine)

MEDICINE GENERAL (6 decks)

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