Theme 3 - Tectonics

Question 1

what plate boundery is this? //

Answer 1

conservative

Question 2

what plate boundery is this —–> <——-

Answer 2

Colision

Question 3

what plate boundery is this? —> —
<–

Answer 3

destructive

Question 4

what plate boundery is this? <—— ——–>

Answer 4

constructive

Question 5

what is the convection current theroy?

Answer 5

plates move due to heat in the mantle rising creating convection currents. It cools at it reaches the top of the mantle then sinks

Question 6

what is the theroy of slab pull?

Answer 6

plates move because gravity pulls them apart

Question 7

what is an example of a constructive plate boundary?

Answer 7

the mid atlantic ridge

Question 8

what is an example of a conservative plate boundary?

Answer 8

san andreas fault in california

Question 9

what is an example of a destructive plate boundary?

Answer 9

the pacific ring of fire

Question 10

what is an example of a colision plate boundary?

Answer 10

mount everist

Question 11

what is a rift valley?

Answer 11

a steep sided valley formed by the pulling apart of the earths crust during plate movement. The land at the centre gradually colapses

Question 12

what features are produced in a constructive plate boundarys?

Answer 12

rift valleys
shield volcanos

Question 13

what features are produced on a conservative plate boundary?

Answer 13

earthquakes

Question 14

what features are produced in a destructive plate boundary?

Answer 14

strato volcanos
earthquakes
ocean trenches

Question 15

what features are produced in a collision plate boundary

Answer 15

fold mountains
earthquakes

Question 16

what are ocean trenches?

Answer 16

long, deep gorges in the sea bed that occur around the edges of some oceans including the pacific ocean. they are formed by plate movements

Question 17

what is a volcanic hotspot?

Answer 17

a point in the earths crust which has an unusually high amount of volcanic activity, some are on plate boundarys but others are in the middle of tectonic plates

Question 18

what is magmas viscosity??

Answer 18

viscosity is a substance resistance to flow, for example maple syrup is more viscous then water ( it flows more slowly when you pour it)

Question 19

what are the features of a strato volcano?

Answer 19

magma chamber
steepsides
crater
layers of ash and gas
main vent
secondary vents

Question 20

what are the features of a shield volcano?

Answer 20

magma chamber
wide base
crater
broad peak
gentle slopes

Question 21

how does a caldera form?

Answer 21

in some volent eruptions so much lava and agas is ejected that the magma chamber that supplies the volcano empties. The upper part of the volcanos collapses into empty space bellow creating a circular depression which is larger than a typical volcano vent

Question 22

what are cinder cones?

Answer 22

are the smallest and most common type of volcano which have steep sides. They are biult from particles and blobs of lava that cools quikcly when thrown into the area that fall around the vent to form a cone shape. They have voilnet explosive eruptions and are ofton found in one singular eruption

Question 23

how does a geyser form?

Answer 23

Water interacts with heat in the ground to form geysers
When rainwater or snow-melt percolates downwards and meets hot rocks
The water is heated which causes it to expand
This increases the pressure and forces a mixture of boiling water and steam back up through fissures in the ground
Then it explodes, releasing steam into the air

Question 24

what are lava tubes?

Answer 24

lava tubes are empty tunnels that form when liquid lava drains away

Question 25

how do lava tubes form?

Answer 25

Lava flows from volcanic eruptions, the eruptions tend to become channeled into a few main streams. The overflow of lava from the streams often cools and solidifies creating stacked layers of lava around the flow. After many hours or days the lava melts downward into the ground giving the tube a taller more narrow cross-section. A solid crust can form overhead and enclose the tube. The tube then insulates the flowing lava within, allowing it to flow great distances. After the eruption subsides and the flows harden these lava tubes become a cave.

Question 26

what is an epicenter of an earthquake?

Answer 26

the point of the earths surface directly above the surface - usually the place of most damage

Question 27

what is the focus of an earthquake?

Answer 27

the exact point bellow th earths surface when the plates slip

Question 28

what are the factors affecting the damage caused by earthquakes

Answer 28

size of the earthquake
quality of emergency services
building design and construction
time of day
education
physical landscape

Question 29

why was the Haiti earthquake such a disaster

Answer 29

its an lic, 60 percent of the population live below the poverty line
over half of Haitians are undernourished, limited access to basic resources
poorly constructed buildings/ no building costs
weak political governance

Question 30

why was the Haiti earthquake such a disaster

Answer 30

its an lic, 60 percent of the population live below the poverty line
over half of Haitians are undernourished, limited access to basic resources
poorly constructed buildings/ no building costs
weak political governance

Question 31

what were the social impacts of the Haiti earthquake

Answer 31

over 220,000 people killed, 300,000 injured and 1.3 million people made homeless - around 3 million affected
the large number of deaths meant that hospitals and morgues became full and bodies then had piled on the streets
large number of bodies meant diseases especially cholera killed at least 7,000 people because there was not enough water sanitation
people were squashed into shanty towns - leading to poor sanitation health and a big looting problem

Question 32

what were the economic impacts of the Haiti earthquake

Answer 32

1 in 5 people lost there jobs because so many buildings where destroyed - largest industry clothing was badly affected
total damage was 11.5 billion dollars

Question 33

what were the environmental impacts of the Haiti earthquake

Answer 33

homes destroyed or badly damaged
transport and communication links damage
hospitals and schools were badly damaged
the prison was destroyed and 4,000 inmates escaped
difficulties getting aid to Haiti because of the airport control tower that was destroyed and bad management

Question 34

what is a tsunami

Answer 34

a huge wave or series of waves usually caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor

Question 35

what type of plate boundary are tsunamis formed on

Answer 35

destructive plate margin

Question 36

what are tsunamis caused by

Answer 36

violent movements of the ocean floor such as those during an earthquake this movement displaces huge amounts of water upwards which creates a series of waves

Question 37

what are the signs of a tsunami

Answer 37

water draws back suddenly into the sea
birds fly and squeak out

Question 38

what are the social (health) impacts of the boxing day tsunami

Answer 38

in Bandsarlteeh 1,500 settlements wiped out
foreign visitors dropped dropped by 80 percent in 2005
220,000 people died
650000 were seriously injured
2 million displaced
threat of disease

Question 39

what are the infracturial impacts of the boxing day tsunami

Answer 39

dozend of buildings destroyed in intial earthquale in indonisia
public buildings where wiped out

Question 40

what are the economic impacts of the boxing day tsunami

Answer 40

60 percent of fishing industry was destroyed
foreign visitors dropped by 80 percent in 2005

Question 41

what is a lahar

Answer 41

a fast moving mud flow

Question 42

what causes a lahar

Answer 42

when ice or snow on the side of volcano melts and mixes with the soil and rocks

Question 43

what are the health impacts of the mount st helens eruption

Answer 43

57 people died from eruption almost instantly, from a cloud of hot ash and dust that came down the mountain
massive areas of crops and forest are wiped out - damage to crops is estimated at 175 million dollars

Question 44

what are the infrastructural impacts of the st helen eruption

Answer 44

mudflows 200m thick flow down the mointain causing rivers to be blocked - took the

Question 45

what are the economic impacts of the st helen eruption

Answer 45

the number of tourists visiting the area increased to view the devastation and recovery of the landscape, plants and animals