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Geography > Theme 2 - Population, rural and urban > Flashcards

Theme 2 - Population, rural and urban Flashcards

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1
Q

What does dense mean in terms of population?

A

packed in a lot of people per km2

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2
Q

What does sparse mean in terms of population?

A

not a lot of people spread out per km2

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3
Q

what is population density?

A

how many people live per km2

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4
Q

what is a choropleth map?

A

a map that shows data using shades of colour

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5
Q

What type of graph do you use for continuous data?

A

a line graph

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6
Q

What type of graph do you use for discreate data?

A

a bar graph

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7
Q

What is dichotomy?

A

where urban areas and rural areas are two very different and distinct landscapes

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8
Q

What is the urban-area continuum?

A

a sliding scale between urban places and the most remote rural regions

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9
Q

what are the types of rural places?

A

coastal retirement
leisure and amenity
rapid change
deep green

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10
Q

What is a deep green rural area?

A

remote and isolated rural places with poor road network, lots of open spaces and very sparse populations

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11
Q

what is an example of a deep green rural area?

A

Pouewyns in central wales

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12
Q

What is a rapid change rural areas?

A

they are less densely populated and include some larger towns, many people who live their commute to work in urban areas.

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13
Q

What is an example of a rapid change?

A

in south oxfordshire

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14
Q

What is a leisure and amenity rural areas?

A

some of the UK’s beautiful scenery and national parks were contained in the rural areas. They are some of the most remote places in the UK.

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15
Q

what is an example of leisure and amenity rural areas?

A

north Wales

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16
Q

what is a coastal retirement rural area?

A

The population of these seaside towns include significant proportion of people who moved there when they retired

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17
Q

What is an example of coastal retirement rural areas?

A

east Devon

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18
Q

what are the positives of the impact that counter-urbanisation have on rural settlements?

A

increased spending in local economy - local economy will increase
services which may have closed down can stay open - more jobs for people

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19
Q

what are the negatives of the impact of counter-urbanisation on rural settlements?

A

pressure on local schools and healthcare - backlogged hospital appointments
increase in local house prices - local people will not be able to afford housing
impact on traffic congestion caused by commuter’s

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20
Q

what is counter-urbanisation?

A

the movement of people and businesses from large cities to smaller towns and rural areas

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21
Q

what is a sphere of influence?

A

that an area affected by a particular settlements can be good or bad impact

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22
Q

what are the effects of rural areas services if people are travelling to urban areas?

A

people in rural areas will shop online - smaller shops are no longer needed - the smaller shops shut down
villagers go to the larger post office in a city - the post office in the village gets fewer customers - the post office in the village gets shut down
there are bigger supermarkets in larger cities - more people go to the larger supermarkets - the smaller supermarkets get less clients/shuts down

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23
Q

what is the ageing population definition?

A

a country with a high population of people who are age 65+

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24
Q

why is the UKs population ageing?

A

life expectancy increasing
fertility rate remains level
proportion of people over 65 is increasing

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25
Q

what are the positives of an ageing population?

A

commitments to support local community through voluntary work
many older people have valuable work skills and experience that they can pass on

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26
Q

what are the negatives of an ageing population?

A

the government receives less money but pays more in state pensions
feelings of isolation and lack of value in older people

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27
Q

how can you respond to an ageing population?

A

increase birth rate
increase retirement age
increase taxes

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28
Q

what is international migration?

A

the movement of people across country borders

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29
Q

what is internal migration?

A

the movement of people within a country boarders

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30
Q

what are the reasons for international migration?

A

availability of jobs -E
stable political system -P
good health service -S
better rates of pay, therefore a higher income -E
good education system -S
already established network of family or of people of similar ethnic or cultural origin -S

31
Q

what are the reasons for internal migration?

A

change of lifestyle people may retire to a new location -S
in search of work people move for work in order to further their career -E
the need to live close to your work is increasingly becoming less important -E
locate near family for care needs -S
cost of housing move to an area where they can afford to buy property -E

32
Q

what is a brownfield site?

A

a plot of land that has disused buildings and are often near the middle of towns and cities

33
Q

what is a greenfield site?

A

a site that has not been built on before, often rural/countryside areas this includes the rural-urban fringe

34
Q

what are the positives of greenfield sites?

A

sites are more attractive and appealing
developments are on clean, uncontaminated land
town and cities do not want their areas to decay- redevelopment results in more people coming to the are, which helps local businesses

35
Q

what are the negatives of greenfield sites?

A

more expensive
usually more inadequate services in these more remote areas
using these sites is not sustainable - there is too much pressure on the rural-urban fringe

36
Q

what are the positives of brownfield sites?

A

they are more sustainable
less expensive
infrastructure already exists in these areas - there will be no need to build new ones

37
Q

what are the negatives of brownfield sites?

A

possible contamination
its more time consuming because you have to clear out the infrastructure
house prices would increase in inner areas as people are encouraged back to the area - this might mean that local people cannot afford the houses and the council will have the problem of providing for them

38
Q

what are the areas of the egans wheel?

A

well run
well connected
well served
environmentally sensitive
fair for everyone
thriving
well designed and built
active inclusive and safe

39
Q

how has retailing in the UK changed economically?

A

increase in the numbers of home delivery firms, making delivery goods cheaper
congestion in city centres
large areas of free parking in out of town retail parks

40
Q

how has retailing changed in the UK culturally?

A

car dependent society
habit of bulk buying and weekly or monthly shops
people have less time to do food shopping

41
Q

how has retailing in the UK changed technologically?

A

development of wide coverage of high speed broadband
sophisticated websites which can show you your goods from any angle before you buy it
rise of many retailers online

42
Q

what are the pros of out of town shopping?

A

large free parking areas for customers
quick and easy access for customers
out of town location usually means less congestion

43
Q

what are the cons of out of town shopping?

A

attracts shoppers away from city centres which could cause their decline
can cause congestion on the surrounding access roads
tends to be the same chain stores that populate shopping centres and retail parks therefore they do not support smaller independent shops

44
Q

what are the pros of internet shopping?

A

convenient and often cheaper method of browsing and buying goods
customers can but products not available locally
it is less time consuming

45
Q

what are the cons of internet shopping?

A

not everyone has internet access
goods may not be as expected when delivered and it may be difficult to return them
city centre shops lose trade which may lead to job loss and closure of shops

46
Q

how has the fleet highstreet changed?

A

more food, coffee and restaurant shops has less newsagents and clothes shops

47
Q

why has the UK high-street changed?

A

recession
more people shopping online
independent places are being replaced by supermarket chains
shift in consumer spending habits
out-of-town shopping centres offer cheaper parking and a wider choice than town centre shops
less time

48
Q

how are they trying to improve Fleet highstreet?

A

free car parking after 6pm and on Sundays
town centre leisure activities, particularly for teenagers
improve access to fleet station
improve local bus service

49
Q

what is urbanisation?

A

the physical and human growth of towns and cities

50
Q

what does NICs mean?

A

newly industrial countrys

51
Q

what are global cities?

A

cities that are well connected by the process of globalisation. For example, global cities are usually important transport hubs with major air ports or ports. They often have headquarters for multinational companies.

52
Q

what are global cities like on migration and culture?

A

global cities attract economic migrants from all over the world - leading to different culture diversity

53
Q

what are global cities like on governance and decision making?

A

business managers in one city can make decisions that affect people world wide

54
Q

what are global cities like on finance and trade?

A

the worlds most important global cities are financial centres

55
Q

what are global cities like on transport hubs?

A

the top global citied are well connected to the rest of the world by major airports or ports

56
Q

what are global cities like on ideas and information?

A

many of the worlds global cities are the home of major broadcasting services, newspapers and film makers

57
Q

what type of country is India?

A

NIC

58
Q

where is Mumbai?

A

in the south west of Asian and in west India. It boarders the Arabian sea - south west of new deli. It is on a peninsula.

59
Q

what is natural increase?

A

when the birth-rate is higher than the death rate

60
Q

what is a flow line map?

A

a map that indicates a line of movement with its thickness representing the volume of movement and direction

61
Q

what is a push factor?

A

a reasojn to leave a place

62
Q

what is a pull factor?

A

reasons to got to the place

63
Q

what are reasons why you would not want to move to Mumbai from an rural area

A

poor housing conditions - S
higher rates of crime - S
low wages - E
high rates of unemployment - E
polluted drinking water
lack of sanitation

64
Q

what are pull factors that encourages people to leave rural areas?

A

cheap transportation
for marriage
better jobs
better training opportunities
to accompany a family member

65
Q

what does FDI stand for?

A

foreign direct investment

66
Q

what percentage of India’s FDI does Mumbai have?

A

24 percent

67
Q

what is the formal sector?

A

when an occupation gives you a regular wage and you pay taxes - often found in the city

68
Q

what is the informal sector?

A

when a job is not regulated by the state, you do not need qualifications to do them and you do not pay taxes. You have no pension, paid holidays or rules to protect your health and safety at work.

69
Q

what percentage of people in Mumbai work in the informal sector?

A

68

70
Q

what are some chains of reason for why the informal sector is bad?

A

informal sector wages are low —– people who work in the informal sector do not pay taxes —– government does not raise much income and cannot afford to invest in schools or hospitals —– children fail to get the education the need to get a job in the formal economy
informal sector wages are low —– children are kept out out of school to work and help support family —– children fail to get the education they need to get a job in the formal economy

71
Q

what are the positives of second homes

A

contributing to the local economy - spending in shops
employs locals e.g gardners cleaners

72
Q

what are some things that contribute to rural poverty

A

increase in second homes
removal of bus services and lack of public transport
lack of job opportunities in rural areas
closure of village shops due to online shopping

73
Q

what are the consequences of urbanisation

A

poor energy and water quality
insufficient water availability
waster disposal problems
high energy consumption
urban inequality

Geography (9 decks)

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