theme 3: cultural revolution Flashcards
How did Mao gain a hold on young people?
Young people didn’t blame him for the Great famine
Schools taught children that Mao is a hero
Young people studied the little red book
What were the mass rallies?
Mao and Chen Boda invited the young people to rebel against authority
What happened in the four olds campaign?
Red Guard attack old customs, ideas, culture and habits
Shop names changed
Road Names changed
British embassy on Anti-Imperialism road
people from bourgeois background in the Red guard
Originally weren’t allowed to be apart of the Red Guard
When ban lifted they tried to prove themselves
rivalry within the red guard
Cultural destruction
Red Guard destroyed traditional culture as a part of the four olds campaign
Zhou Enlai protected the forbidden city
Why was Lui Shaoqi targeted?
Popular and Pragmatic
Mao was jealous
Suppressed violence
supported work teams
What happened to Lui Shaoqi?
Accused of being a rightist with evidence from tortured prisoners
Subjected to struggle meetings
Left to die without necessary medical attention
Why was Deng Xiaoping targeted?
Mao didn’t like his theory on the colour of policies
(Doesn’t matter the colour of the cat so long as it catches the mice)
Mao believed policies should be communist first practical second
What happened to Deng?
Sent to work in a rural tractor factory in Jiangxi Provence
Later reinstated to help Mao regain control
Lin Biao’s role
Lin Biao replaced Peng Duhai
created the little red book
Relied upon to regain control after the CR had spiralled
Purging of the CCP numbers
80% of cadres purged 14000 executed 4/6 regional and 23/29 provincial party secretaries removed 2/3 central committee disposed of only 9/23 politburo members survived
What were those suspected of having capitalist sympathies called?
Capitalist roaders
What were capitalist roaders subjected to?
Interrogated, family scrutinised to establish if they were revolutionary enough
What happened to foreigners in the PRC?
Families of delegates unable to leave
British embassy stormed and set on fire by Red Guard
When did Mao bring in the PLA to regain control?
1968
Why did Mao finally attempt to regain control?
Fear of foreign invasion
Why were the PLA happy to restore order?
They were worried that the Red Guard’s power could rival their own
What did the PLA do?
Stamped down on the rebels
1.8 million arrested
Restored education after being closed for 2 years
What was the aim of the up the mountains, down to the villages campaign?
to gain control of the young people
fix unemployment problems in cities
teach young people about the importance of agriculture
How many young people were sent away under the Up the Mountains, Down to the villages campaign?
18 million
Why was the Up the Mountains down to the Villages campaign unpopular?
Peasants had to share their food and resources
Disparity noticed between the amount of time party members children spent in the rural areas and everyone else
Why was Deng Xiaoping called back from his exile?
His support within the party and organisational skills thought to be useful in regaining control
When was Deng Xiaoping reinstated as party secretary?
1974
Why was Zhou Enlai not purged?
He proved himself useful and didn’t associate with Lui and Deng
