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Edexcel A-level History (China) > theme 3: cultural revolution > Flashcards

theme 3: cultural revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

How did Mao gain a hold on young people?

A

Young people didn’t blame him for the Great famine
Schools taught children that Mao is a hero
Young people studied the little red book

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2
Q

What were the mass rallies?

A

Mao and Chen Boda invited the young people to rebel against authority

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3
Q

What happened in the four olds campaign?

A

Red Guard attack old customs, ideas, culture and habits
Shop names changed
Road Names changed
British embassy on Anti-Imperialism road

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4
Q

people from bourgeois background in the Red guard

A

Originally weren’t allowed to be apart of the Red Guard
When ban lifted they tried to prove themselves
rivalry within the red guard

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5
Q

Cultural destruction

A

Red Guard destroyed traditional culture as a part of the four olds campaign
Zhou Enlai protected the forbidden city

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6
Q

Why was Lui Shaoqi targeted?

A

Popular and Pragmatic
Mao was jealous
Suppressed violence
supported work teams

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7
Q

What happened to Lui Shaoqi?

A

Accused of being a rightist with evidence from tortured prisoners
Subjected to struggle meetings
Left to die without necessary medical attention

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8
Q

Why was Deng Xiaoping targeted?

A

Mao didn’t like his theory on the colour of policies
(Doesn’t matter the colour of the cat so long as it catches the mice)
Mao believed policies should be communist first practical second

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9
Q

What happened to Deng?

A

Sent to work in a rural tractor factory in Jiangxi Provence

Later reinstated to help Mao regain control

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10
Q

Lin Biao’s role

A

Lin Biao replaced Peng Duhai
created the little red book
Relied upon to regain control after the CR had spiralled

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11
Q

Purging of the CCP numbers

A 
80% of cadres purged
14000 executed 
4/6 regional and 23/29 provincial party secretaries removed 
2/3 central committee disposed of 
only 9/23 politburo members survived
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12
Q

What were those suspected of having capitalist sympathies called?

A

Capitalist roaders

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13
Q

What were capitalist roaders subjected to?

A

Interrogated, family scrutinised to establish if they were revolutionary enough

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14
Q

What happened to foreigners in the PRC?

A

Families of delegates unable to leave

British embassy stormed and set on fire by Red Guard

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15
Q

When did Mao bring in the PLA to regain control?

A

1968

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16
Q

Why did Mao finally attempt to regain control?

A

Fear of foreign invasion

17
Q

Why were the PLA happy to restore order?

A

They were worried that the Red Guard’s power could rival their own

18
Q

What did the PLA do?

A

Stamped down on the rebels
1.8 million arrested
Restored education after being closed for 2 years

19
Q

What was the aim of the up the mountains, down to the villages campaign?

A

to gain control of the young people
fix unemployment problems in cities
teach young people about the importance of agriculture

20
Q

How many young people were sent away under the Up the Mountains, Down to the villages campaign?

A

18 million

21
Q

Why was the Up the Mountains down to the Villages campaign unpopular?

A

Peasants had to share their food and resources

Disparity noticed between the amount of time party members children spent in the rural areas and everyone else

22
Q

Why was Deng Xiaoping called back from his exile?

A

His support within the party and organisational skills thought to be useful in regaining control

23
Q

When was Deng Xiaoping reinstated as party secretary?

A

1974

24
Q

Why was Zhou Enlai not purged?

A

He proved himself useful and didn’t associate with Lui and Deng

25
Q

Who were the Gang of 4?

A

CCRG

26
Q

What campaign did the Gang of Four launch?

A

Criticise Lin Biao, criticise Confucius

27
Q

What was the aim of the Gang of Four’s campaign?

A

to discredit those associated with Lin bias like Deng Xiaoping and Zhou Enlai

28
Q

What was the reaction to the Gang of Fours campaign?

A

The people saw through it and the political motivations of Jiang Qing

29
Q

Evidence for Zhou Ella’s popularity

A

genuine grief when he died
a million people lined the street to see his body taken to the crematorium
Honoured on the sweeping of the tombs Memorial Day in Tiananmen Square

30
Q

Who was Mao’s chosen successor?

A

Hua Guofeng

31
Q

What did Hua do when he came to power?

A

Arrested the Gang of Four

32
Q

What happened Hua?

A

Deng returned from exile and used party support to grab power from Hua

33
Q

When did Mao die?

A

1976

34
Q

who exiled Deng Xiaoping the second time?

A

The gang of 4

Edexcel A-level History (China) (6 decks)

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