Theme 3 Flashcards
When people are motivated by both needs and wants. These encourage people to improve their lifestyle through schooling, skills or work is know as what?
Human motives
What are the 2 types of human motives?
- Needs
- Wants
What are needs?
Basic elements used for survival, food, water, shelter, etc…
What are wants?
Items that people desire, regardless of whether they contribute to survival like cellphones, new clothes, fulfilling jobs, etc…
What is Maslow’s Hiearchy?
Describes how humans pursue their needs in order, starting with survival and finishing with self-achievement.
What does Maslow’s Hiearchy consist of
Basic needs: physiological
Psychological needs: Belongingness, love, safety
Self-fulfilment needs: self actualization and esteem needs
What are nations and nation states motives?
The need to satisfy their citizens by providing economic stability, peace and security, self- determination, and humanitarian activities.
What is this know as? Ensuring high employment that helps provide economic security for nation-states by providing jobs for its citizens. High employment not only provides prosperity for the citizens but the nation-states as well because the state is able to collect more tax and pay for government services.
Economic stability
What is this known as? People desire to feel safe in the streets and in their homes as well as live without fear or physical or psychological harm. Without safety and security, many do not attend school or work inefficiently hitting the nation states economy. Wars kill and injure citizens, devastate infrastructure, and hurt economic stability. People desire to be free from conflict and ruthless governments. A way to ensure security is to join organizations that ensure collective security like NATO or the UN
Peace and security
What is self- determination?
Nations and nation states are no different than individuals who desire decision making power. This longing for the ability to make their own decisions can include self-government or outright sovereignty.
What is humanitarianism?
Providing relief to nation or nation-states that are suffering and protect those in need. Natural disaster, war-torn countries and disease can bring immense suffering thus governments, who are able, often provide humanitarian aid supplies, shelter, money, and accepting or protecting refugees. Ex) Israel or Gaza
Explain Zimbabwe and Botswana
Although geographically neighbours and share many economic and geographic features, Botswana has greater political stability and economic prosperity. After independence from Britain, both had agricultural industries that could bring promise for a successful future.
Explain Zimbabwe independence
A violent civil war that was needed for Zimbabwe to achieve independence in 1980. The former Zimbabwean leader Robert Mugabe created a one-party state that eliminated opposition and violated the rights of his citizens. He seized the farms of white landowners and gave the land to his supporters. Agriculture production dropped rapidly as did foreign investment and economy plummeted.
Explain Botswana’s independence
They peacefully gained independence in 1966 and, with the discovery of diamonds in 1967, created an economic boom allowing the government reinvested revenue to provide services for its people.
Explain Zimbabwe social and economic situation.
Zimbabwe is regarded as a “failed state” because it cannot meet the needs of its citizens. Many live in urban slums and shantytowns with large crimes rates. The government has attempted to crack down on these areas resulting in many people being evicted and beaten for resisting. Unemployment and inflation increased at a dramatic rate. Many have fled to Botswana to look for work however they were not welcomed.
Explain Botswana social and economic situation.
Botswana has experience four decades of prosperity and even though they have a high HIV-AIDs rate the government has established progressive programs to deal with the disease. Botswanas unemployment rate was over 20% and their government but did not want its citizens to lose jobs to foreigners. Therefore in 2003, Botswana built an electrical fence along its 500km border to keep Zimbabwean refugees out.
What are the 5 types of motives that shape nation and state responses?
Isolationism, unilateralism, bilateralism, multilateralism, supranationalism
What is this known as? When a country opts out of participating in any international affairs (political, social, economic, military). Most counties choose to follow isolationist policy in only some areas but not all.
Ex) Japan until 1854, ‘completely closing its doors’ to the outside world. Called Sakoku
Isolationism
What is this known as? Pertains to a nation acting on its own to deal with an international issue.
Ex) during the Cold War, the USA and Soviet Union sparked a nuclear arms race between the nation-states and their allies leading to fears of global destruction. Countries decided on disarm some of these weapons unilaterally, without international agreement.
Unilateralism
What is this known as? When 2 countries are motivated by the same issue or need to decide to take action together.
Ex) Canada and the USA entered into agreement over the concern over acid rain as an environmental pollutant called the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement.
Bilateralism
What is this known as? Involves 3 or more countries working together to solve a common issue or need. Middle power countries who band together like Canada, Australia, and Chile gain a degree of global influence when working together. Also allows for member states to protect their right to sovereignty and decision making power within an international agreement.
Ex) the United Nations and World Trade Organization
Multilateralism
What is this known as? Involves following decisions made by an international organization made up of independent officials or representatives that are elected by member states. It forces member states to give up a degree of sovereignty and self determination to the organization allowing decision making power over member states, therefore members are forced to follow any decisions made by the organization
Ex) the European Union because member states must give up control of some of their own affairs and follow EU decisions.
Supranationalism
What is internationalism?
An idea created and solidified after WWII. Has roots in Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points. One must think globally. All members of the global community must accept collective responsibility for global challenges while respect the varying motives of nations and states to find a solution.
