Theme 2A Flashcards
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Universal information flow from DNA to protein to convert genotype and phenotype
Where does transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes?
In the cytoplasm meaning they can occur simultaneously
Where does transcription and translation occur in eukaryotes?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
How did scientist conclude that DNA could not encode directly for proteins in eukaryotes
Since translation can only occur in the cytoplasm and DNA can’t and through the cytoplasm it needs to first be transformed into mRNA to be translated
What happens if you mutated gene that encodes an enzyme?
There would be a block in the metabolic pathway and organism, can’t synthesize the nutrient/protein
Slide 4?
What is coding RNA?
RNA that codes for a protein/polypeptide
What is non-coding RNA
TRNA rRNA snRNA microRNA, and it doesn’t code for protien
What is the genetic code and what does it do?
Genetic code is information contained in four nucleotide bases in DNA or RNA sequences.Changes nucleotide sequence to AA sequence
How many proteins can be made from a one nucleotide code how many from a two nucleotide how many nucleotides are needed for 20 amino acids?
One nucleotide equals four amino acids
Two nucleotide equals 16 amino acids.
64 possibilities for nucleotides for 20 amino acids (4^3)
What is the three letter code in DNA called?
Triplet
What is the three letter code in RNA called?
A codon it refers to mRNA
What does it mean when the genetic code is universal?
The genetic code is the same in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and viruses
Why do we use the GFP gene and transfer it to different host organisms
To monitor the spatial and temporal expression of a protein, basically to show where that protein is being expressed, and what it used for
What strand of the DNA is the RNA strand produced from? Which way is it read by RNA polymerase
The template strand, which is read by the RNA polymerase in the templates 3 to 5 direction
What does the coding strand of DNA have in relation to mRNA strand?
Same 5 to 3 orientation and sequence except the uracil in the RNA is changed to thymine in the DNA
Transcription is going from ______ to _____
Translation is going from _________ to _____
DNA to mRNA
MRNA to protein/amino acid
On chromosomal maps, the arrowhead is the____ end
If one strand is 5-3, it is the_____ strand, meaning, the other is_____ strand
3 prime
Coding strand , template, strand
For chromosomal prokaryote map, if genes are on blue strand it is the ___ strand
If genes are on yellow strand it is ____ strand
Coding
Coding
What is reverse transcription?
RNA to DNA
Due to viruses
What is reverse transcriptase? Why does it do this?
Found in virus’s in RNA genomes. Converts viral RNA to viral DNA. It has poor proofreading so it makes DNA with errors. Converts rNA to DNA because RNA is single strand and needs to convert to double stranded to integrate into the host chromosome
What happens when the viral DNA from reverse transcriptase is integrated into regular chromosome
The transcription and translation machinery is hijacked to make a viral proteins (mutations) from the viral DNA
What does protease do in the reverse transcription process
Cleaves off the many poly protien from newly made viral RNA to make RNA fully functional/mature
What is plus sense strand? Antisense strand?
Coding strand
Noncoding/template strand
