Theme 2: Opposition To Govt 1918-89 Flashcards
What was the opposition to Weimar?
- Kiel Mutiny
- Kapp Putsch
- Munich Putsch
- Spartacist Uprising
What events opposed the Weimar Republic?
- Kiel Mutiny
- Spartacist Uprising
- Kapp Putsch
- Munich Putsch
When was Kiel Mutiny?
November 1918
Who was involved in Kiel Mutiny?
German navy
What happened at Kiel Mutiny?
- waves of strikes and rebellions
- sailors took control of their base and demanded end to monarchy
Why did Kiel Mutiny happen?
- navy believed that the Kaiser and military leaders were trying to undermine peace negotiations
- did not support the parliamentary democracy
When was the Spartacist uprising?
January 1919
Who was involved in the Spartacist uprising?
Spartacist, USPD, local union officials
Who was involved in the Spartacist uprising?
Spartacist, USPD, local union officials
Where did the Spartacist uprising happen?
Berlin
What happened at the Spartacist uprising?
- Spartacist wanted to protect the govt
- defence minister, Noske, ordered to end uprising
- leaders of uprising executed
- 100 workers killed
Why did the Spartacist uprising happen?
Wanted to replace capitalist govt with a network of local soviets made up of workers and soldiers
When did Kapp Putsch happen?
March 1920
Who was involved in Kapp Putsch?
Wolfgang, General Ludendorff vs Ebert
Where did Kapp Putsch happen?
Berlin
What happened at Kapp Putsch?
- Seized control of capital, Berlin, and established alternative govt
- Kapp was unable to lead so the govt lasted 4 days
- demonstrated govt democracy could not rely on army or judiciary for support
Why did Kapp Putsch happen?
- cause if demilitarisation and TOV
- believed reducing army made govt vulnerable
- believed their soldiers would rebel against the dissolution of their unit and could March into Berlin to overthrow govt
When did Munich Putsch happen?
November 1923
Who was involved in Munich Putsch?
Hitler and Nazi
What happened at Munich Putsch?
- Hitler planned to initiate ‘national revolution’ and hoped army in Munich and Bavaria would back it
- he picked up support from army and Freikorps
- Hitler locked people in a beer hall and made a speech- people escaped and told authorities
Why did Munich Putsch happen?
Hitler wanted to overthrow govt
Why did the Treaty of Versailles lead to loss of territory in Europe?
- lost land to France and Denmark
- Polish corridor meant they lost 1 million people to Polish control
Why did the Treaty of Versailles lead to loss of military?
- Germany forced to demilitarise
- reduced to 100,000 men
- not allowed to possess aircraft or tanks
Why did the Treaty of Versailles lead to reparations?
- Germany forced to accept guilt of war
- pay 132,000 gold marks over 30 years
Why did the SPD oppose the FRG govt?
Unhappy with moves of Adenauer which made reunification with east less likely
How did the SPD oppose the FRG govt?
Speeches
Why did the youth oppose the FRG govt?
- from US + FRG involvement
- increased military spending
- disliked involvement with NATO
- rejected year zero
How did the students oppose the FRG govt?
- 1965- students went on strike
- slogan- “what did you do in the war daddy?”
- propaganda/ makes people think what they did/ put pressure on them
Why did terrorist groups oppose FRG govt?
- govt made groups feel marginalised
- wanted destruction of consumerism
- wanted end to Vietnam war
- opposed arrests of RAF (Red army fraction) in FRG
How did terrorist groups oppose the FRG govt?
- direct action and violence more necessary
- nombings/ assassination
- killed 28 people
- robbed over 30 banks
