theme 1A Flashcards
Specific DNA sequence that codes for a specific mRNA (and protein)
gene
all the genetic information of an organism (entire DNA sequence)
genome
variant forms of a gene caused by differences in DNA sequence (variation in eye colour, heights, etc)
allele
the specific genes inheritied by an individual
genotype
visible traits (has an environmental component)
phenotype
the type and abundance of proteins in the cell
protein expression
what determines the phenotype
proteins, they control every reaction in a cell
catalyze the synthesis and transformation of all biomolecules
enzymes
maintenains cell shape
structured proteins
how many copies of each chromosome do people have
two
how many copies of each chromosome do gamates have
one
how many copies of each chromosome do zygotes have
one (?), a random combination of two gamates
what are chromosomes composed of
Proteins (50%-60%) and DNA (40%-50%)
Generally, what did Griffith’s experiment discover
genetic transformation that genetically altered/transforms the bacteria
what did Avery, Macleod, and McCarthy’s experiment do
they identified DNA as the molecule that transforms the bacteria
generally, what did Hershey and Chase’s experiment do
they found the evidence establishing DNA as the hereitary molecule
what was Griffith’s conclusion
some molecules released when S cells (virulent) could genetically transform living R cells (benign) into S cells
what were the results of Avery et al’s first test (adding protease)
they determined that proteins were not the genetic material because living S cells (virulent) were found in the mouse (and it died)
what were the results of Avery et al’s second test (adding ribonuclease)
they determined that RNA was not the genetic material, living S cells (virulent) were found in the dead mouse
what were the results of Avery et al’s third test (adding DNAse)
they determined that DNA was the genetic material, as the mouse was alive and only R cells (benign) were found in it
How did Hershey and Chase confirm that DNA was the genetic material
they used bacteriophage and its E.coli host to show that DNA is the transforming principle
what is a massive reproduction of virus resulting in host cell lysis called
lytic infection
