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Bio 243 > Thème 1A > Flashcards

Thème 1A Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gene

A

functional unit of heredity and variation
Found on chromosomes and are parts of the genome that encodes for RNA and protein

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2
Q

Genetics

A

Study of heredity and variation in cells individuals and populations

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3
Q

Molecular genetics

A

Study of function and structure of genes at molecular level

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4
Q

Allèles

A

Variant forms of a gene caused by difference in DNA sequence result in changes in amino acid sequence of proteins

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5
Q

Genotype

A

Genes inherited by organisms by mother and father

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6
Q

Genome

A

Entire DNA sequence ACGT of an organism

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7
Q

Phenotype

A

Viable traits like height illness blood type eye color

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8
Q

Gênée expression

A

Turning on a gene to produce RNA and proteins

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9
Q

What is the only coding rna

A

MRNA because it makes proteins

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10
Q

Protein expression

A

The type and abundance of proteins in the cell

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11
Q

What role do proteins play in determining phenotype

A

Being that proteins change the rate of reaction in a cell they are important for determining phenotype

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of proteins

A

Enzymes increase rate of reaction
Structural protein maintaining cell shape
Signalling proteins like hormones

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13
Q

Differential regulation

A

Genes being turned on to a greater extent then others
Example light vs dark blue eyes

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14
Q

What causes people to look alike

A

Similar alleles and amount of differential regulation

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15
Q

What are the 3 classical experiments for establishing DNA molecule

A

Griffith
Avery Mcarthy and Macleod
Hershey and chase

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16
Q

Griffith what is streptococcus pneumonia

A

Bacterial pathway that cause pneumonia in mammals

17
Q

What is the smooth strain (s) of streptococcus pneumoniae

A

bacterium surounded by a polysaccharides capsule which is a mucus sugar layer over the protein

18
Q

Why is the s strain considered virulent

A

because of its polysaccharide capsule it is protected from antibodies that can no longer detect it

19
Q

What is the rough strain r of streptococcus pneumoniae

A

lacks polysaccharide capsule meaning that antibodies can detect its proteins and attack the bacteria

20
Q

What was griffith conclusion

A

Transforming principle
Heat kill S bacteria could genetically transform living R cells into virulent S form.
Transformation was permanent and heritable

21
Q

What was Avery Macleod and Macarthys Hypothesis

A

Transforming principle could be caused protein DNA or RNA

22
Q

What was Avery Macleod and Mccarthys experimental approach

A

Eliminate each type of molecule and see if transformation of r cells occurs

23
Q

What was the conclusion on Aver mccarthy and macleod experiment

A

If the type of molecule is absent and transformation does not occur it is the transforming principle

24
Q

What were the results of Avery mcloeod and mccarthy experiment

A

When DNAase is removed transformation does not occur meaning that DNa is a critical component

25
Q

What is the life cycle of a bacteriophage

A

Bacteria i injects it’s dna into cell DNA circulises from here it can take lyric or lysiogeny pathway

26
Q

What happens during lyric pathways

A

Bacteria hijabs cells machinery to replicate its dna rna and protein
This allows assembly into progeny viral particles
Finally cell lyses and phases come out

27
Q

Lysogeny

A

Viral dna inserts into bacterial chromosome basically they dna from bacteria becomes intergrate into host genome
Viral genes remain inactive but it’s is passed on when cell replicated

28
Q

When does lysogeny switch to lyric cycle

A

During times of stress because immune system is suppressed allowed bacteriophages to quickly take over

29
Q

What is Hershey and chases experiment

A

They put radioactive amino acids S35 on proteins after injecting dna the new phage inside did not have any amino acid inside

In the second part of the experiment phage began with P32 labeled deoxyriobe nucleiotide in the dna
DNA entered the cell and new phage had the radioactivity

Bio 243 (3 decks)

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