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Business Theme 1 > Theme 1.4 > Flashcards

Theme 1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean by treating staff as a cost?

A

Seeing an employee as a recourse of the business

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2
Q

What does it mean by treating staff as an asset?

A

Employees are treated as individuals and their needs are planned accordingly

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3
Q

What is a pro and con of treating staff as a cost?

A

+More cost-effective workforce where decision-making is quicker and focused on senior managers
-could lead to higher absenteeism and labour turnover

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4
Q

What is a pro and con of treating staff as an asset?

A

+Motivates staff more effectively
-Cost of workforce may leave a business at a competitive disadvantage

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5
Q

What are two benefits of a flexible workforce?

A

+Savings of overheads as the business do not need to provide an office or accommodation
+Flexible working results in high job satisfaction and high motivation

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6
Q

What is one drawback of a flexible workforce?

A

-Potentially lower productivity

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7
Q

What is multi-skilling?

A

Where employees are able to carry out multiple tasks rather than just specialise in one

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8
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

Delegating one or more business processes to an external provider

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9
Q

What are three evaluation point of outsourcing?++-

A

+Supplier may be a specialist with greater experience and equipment
+Motivated to keep costs low to make a profit
-Extra costs of communication

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10
Q

What is employee representation?

A

When employees are involved in the decision-making process of the business

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11
Q

What are three evaluation points of employee representation?++-

A

+increased empowerment and employee motivation
+Better decision-making as employee experience and insights are taken into account
-Conflicts between employer and employee ideas may be a block to essential change

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12
Q

What are the two main functions of a trade union?

A
  1. Represent and protect interest of employees
  2. Negotiate on behalf of the employees to the employers
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13
Q

What are two advantages of a good relationship between employers and trade union?

A
  1. Saves time and cost rather than dealing with employees individually
  2. Employee morale may be improved if they know that their interests are being protected by a union
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14
Q

What is mediation?

A

Involves an independent person helping two or more individuals or groups reach a solution that is acceptable by everybody

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15
Q

What is conciliation?

A

Used when an employee is making a specific complaint against their employer

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16
Q

What is Arbitration?

A

An alternative to a court of law involving an impartial outsider being asked to make a decision on a dispute

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17
Q

What are two advantages and one disadvantage of internal recruitment?

A

+Cheaper and quicker
+Employer already understands the business
-No new ideas coming from outside the business

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18
Q

What are two advantages and one disadvantage of external recruitment?

A

+Outside people bringing in new ideas
-Longer process
-More expensive as business has to pay for advertisement

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19
Q

What is on the job training?

A

An employee receives training whilst remaining in the workplace

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20
Q

What are three evaluation points of on the job training?

A

+More cost effective
+Training along side actual employees
-Bad habits might be passed on

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21
Q

What is off the job training?

A

Employee training that takes place away from the work place

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22
Q

What are three evaluation points of off the job training?

A

+Can learn from outside specialists
-New employee may need induction training
-Employee may have new skills and want to leave the job

23
Q

What is the span of control?

A

How many employees a manager is in charge of

24
Q

What are two advantages of a narrow span of control?

A

+Allows closer supervision on employees
+Helps more effective communication

25
Q

What are two advantage of a wide span of control?

A

+Gives employees more chance for independence
+More appropriate if labour costs are significant - reduce number of managers

26
Q

What is a chain of command?

A

Describes the lines of authority within a business

27
Q

What are three evaluation points of a tall hierarchy structure?

A

+Allows tighter control
+More opportunities for promotion
-Takes longer for communication to reach through layers

28
Q

What are three evaluation points of a flat hierarchy structure?

A

+Lower costs as less staff
+Vertical communication is improved
-Less direct control

29
Q

What is a matrix structure?

A

Individuals work across teams and projects as well as within their own departments or function

30
Q

What are three evaluation points of a matrix structure?

A

+Likely to lead to greater motivation within the team
+Helps breakdown traditional department barriers, improving communication
-Takes time to get used to working in a matrix structure

31
Q

What is delayering?

A

Removing layers of management from the hierarchy of the organisation

32
Q

What are three evaluation points of delayering?

A

+Lower labour costs
+Shorter communication paths
-Could be demotivating

33
Q

What is delegation?

A

The assignment to others of the authority for particular functions, tasks and decisions

34
Q

What are three evaluation points of delegation?

A

+Reduces managers stress and workload
+Employees are empowered and motivated
-Harder in smaller firms

35
Q

What is employee empowerment?

A

Giving employees power to do their job

36
Q

What is centralised decision-making?

A

Keeping decision-making firmly at the top of the hierarchy

37
Q

What are three evaluation points of Centralisation?

A

+Economies of scale and overhead savings are easier to achieve
+Quicker decision-making (Usually) - easier to show strong leadership

38
Q

What is decentralised decision-making?

A

Including junior managers in the decision making of the business

39
Q

What are three evaluation points of Decentralisation?

A

+More likely to meet customer needs
+Should improve staff motivation
-May be diseconomies of scale - duplicate jobs

40
Q

What was Taylors theory of motivation?

A

The belief that managers should maintain close control and supervision on employees. And employees should be motivated by being paid for how much they produce

41
Q

What was Maslow’s theory of motivation?

A

That there are 5 levels of human needs which each employee needs to fulfil at work. Therefore a business needs to offer different incentives to workers in order to help them fulfill each need in turn and progress up the hierarchy

42
Q

What was Herzberg’s theory of motivation?

A

The two factor theory. Hygiene factors and motivators. And by using job enrichment and empowerment, employees are more likely to be motivated

43
Q

What are some examples of a motivator in the aspect Herzberg’s theory

A

Responsibility at work and achievement and recognition

44
Q

What are some examples of a Hygiene factor in the aspect of Herzberg’s theory?

A

Pay and other financial rewards, working conditions and appropriate working conditions and supervision

45
Q

How does Mayo’s theory motivate employees?

A

Better communication between employees, working in groups and more involvement from mangers in employees working lives

46
Q

What does Mayo’s theory believe?

A

That worker are not just motivated by money but by having their human/ social needs met

47
Q

What are the top and bottom factors of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Self actualisation (top)
Physical needs (bottom)

48
Q

who’s theory can be used to show that money motivates employees?

A

Taylor

49
Q

What are 6 non-financial techniques of motivation?

A

Delegation
Empowerment
Consultation
Team-working
Job enrichment
Job rotation

50
Q

What are 5 financial ways to motivate employees?

A

performance-related pay
Commission
Piecework
Bonus
Profit-sharing

51
Q

What is an autocratic leadership style?

A

An autocratic leaders issue instructions and expect these to be done. They know exactly what they want done and pay little attention to what the workers have to say

52
Q

What is a paternalistic leadership style?

A

Paternalistic leaders care about the best interests of staff and listen to their views however the leader makes the decisions

53
Q

What is a democratic leadership style?

A

Managers will expect their staff to be involved in decision making. They will delegate authority to subordinates, believing that this is the best way to get the job done

54
Q

What is a laissez-faire leadership style

A

Where manager will leave employees to carry out tasks and decision making themselves

Business Theme 1 (4 decks)

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