Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 104: Nutrition, Metabolism and Excretion > Theme 1: Lecture 3 - Contents of the abdomen > Flashcards

Theme 1: Lecture 3 - Contents of the abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 quadrants that the abdomen can be divided into

A
  • Right upper quadrant
  • Left upper quadrant
  • Right lower quadrant
  • Left lower quadrant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 9 regions that the abdomen can be divided into

A

-Right hypochondriac region
-Right lumber region
-Right inguinal (iliac) region
-Epigastric region
-Umbilical region
-Hypogastric (pubic) region
-Left hypochondriac region
-Left lumber region
Left inguinal (iliac) region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Through which lines is the abdomen divided into 9 regions

A
  • The mid clavicular lines (vertical)
  • Through the transpyloric plane at L1, this sometimes drifts and becomes through the subcostal line at L3 because it’s easier to find on surface anatomy (horizontal)
  • Through the transtubercular line, this goes through the iliac tubercles at the level L5 (horizontal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the contents of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

A
  • Right lobe of liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Duodenum
  • Head of Pancreas
  • Hepatic flexure of colon
  • Part of ascending and transverse colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the contents of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen

A
  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Left lobe of liver
  • Body of pancreas
  • Splenic flexure of colon
  • Part of transverse and descending colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the contents of the right lower quadrant

A
  • Cecum
  • Appendix
  • Ascending colon
  • Small intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the contents of the left lower quadrant

A
  • Small intestine
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid Colon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What process does the digestive system do

A
  • Ingestion
  • Secretion of digestive fluids
  • Mixing and propulsion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Defacation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the serous layer of the GI tract

A

the outer membrane; encloses several body cavities; secrete a lubricating fluid; outer epithelial layer (secretory) and inner layer (connective tissue with vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the muscular layer of the GI tract

A
  • The middle layer

- longitudinal or circular; responsible for movement of lumen contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the mucosal layer of the GI tract

A
  • inner layer; lines internal organs or cavities exposed to external environment; secrete mucus
  • also involved in absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 types of layers of the GI tract

A
  • Serous
  • Muscular
  • Mucosal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the divisions of the GI tract in order

A
  • Oral cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ilieum)
  • Large intestine (colon)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Epiglottis

A
  • flap of cartilage located in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx
  • Will fall down and cover the trachea and larynx during swallowing to prevent any digested material from getting into the respiratory tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contents and role of the oral cavity

A
  • Teeth - Accessory organs, assist with mechanical digestion
  • Palate - Roof of mouth, soft palate blocks nasal cavity during swallowing
  • Tongue - Accessory organ, taste, assist mixing, swallowing
  • Salivary glands - Secretion of saliva (dissolve foods)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Role of the pharynx

A
  • Directs food to oesophagus

- Blocks entry to trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe anatomy of the oesophagus

A
  • Muscular tube roughly 25 cm long
  • Posterior to trachea
  • Pierces diaphragm at oesophageal hiatus
  • Upper edge is the pharynx
  • Opens into the stomach
18
Q

At what level is the oesophageal hiatus

A

T10

19
Q

Describe anatomy of the stomach

A
  • Most dilated part of alimentary canal
  • Between oesophagus and small intestine
  • J-shaped
  • lies under the diaphragm and under the heart
  • 2 openings, curvatures, surfaces
  • Mechanical (muscle) and chemical (gastric juices) digestion
20
Q

Cardial orifice

A

The link of the stomach to the oesophagus

21
Q

Pyloric orifice

A

The link of the stomach to the small intestine (duodenum)

22
Q

What is the superior border of the stomach

A

Lesser curvature

23
Q

What is the inferior border of the stomach

A

Greater curvature

24
Q

What are the 2 sphincters at the ends of the stomach

A
  • Pyloric sphincter (surrounds pyloric orifice)

- Cardial sphincter (surrounds cardial orifice)

25
Q

What are the 3 layered muscles of the stomach

A
  • Longitudinal
  • Circular
  • Oblique
26
Q

Describe the small intestine

A
  • Convoluted tube - allows time for digestion and absorption
  • Runs from pylorus of stomach to ileocaecal junction
  • 5 metres in length
  • Subdivided into: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
  • Where digestion and absorption take place
27
Q

Describe the duodenum

A
  • About 20-25 cm long
  • Retroperitoneal
  • C shaped
  • Where the duct from the pancreas + gall bladder open (bile and pancreatic juices)
28
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum in order

A
  • Superior
  • Descending
  • Horizontal
  • Ascending
29
Q

Where does the duodenum end

A

Duodenal-jejunal flexure

30
Q

Describe the jejunum/ileum (almost impossible to find the transition from one to the other)

A
  • At least 3 m long
  • From duodenal - jejunal flexure to ileocaecal junction
  • Site of absorption: large surface area, further increased by circular folds + villi + microvilli; motility
  • Motility: one attached and one free edge
31
Q

Describe the large intestine

A

-Terminal division of the GI tract – from end ileum to anus
-1.5 m length; greater cross section compared to small intestine
-4 parts
-Ascending/descending are retroperitoneal
-Absorption of water, from faeces and expelling these
(defecating)
-Rectum / Anus – sphincters close outside world except
when defecating

32
Q

What are the 4 parts of the large intestine in order

A
  • Ascending
  • Transverse
  • Descending
  • Sigmoid
33
Q

Name the arterial, venous, lymphatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic supply of the foregut

A 
Arterial: Celiac
Venous: Hepatic portal vein
Lymphatic: Celiac nodes
Sympathetic: Celiac ganglia
Parasympathetic: Vagus
34
Q

Name the arterial, venous, lymphatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic supply of the midgut

A 
Arterial: Superior mesenteric
Venous: Superior mesenteric
Lymphatic: Superior mesenteric nodes
Sympathetic: Superior mesenteric ganglia
Parasympathetic: Vagus
35
Q

Name the arterial, venous, lymphatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic supply of the hindgut

A 
Arterial: Inferior mesenteric
Venous: Inferior mesenteric
Lymphatic: Inferior mesenteric nodes
Sympathetic: Inferior mesenteric ganglia
Parasympathetic: Pelvic splanchnic
36
Q

What does the superior mesenteric and its branches supply

A

Distal part of duodenum to the proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

37
Q

What branches does the superior mesenteric artery give off

A
  • Jejunal and ileal branches
  • Middle colic
  • Right colic
  • Ileocaecal
38
Q

Arterial arcades

A

a series of anastomosing arterial arches between the arterial branches of the jejunum and ileum.

39
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery and its branches supply

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to half way down anal canal

40
Q

What branches does the inferior mesenteric artery give off

A
  • Left colic
  • Sigmoid
  • Superior rectal
41
Q

What are the glands associated with the gut

A
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas

Module 104: Nutrition, Metabolism and Excretion (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions