Theme 1: Establishing Communist Rule - 1949-57 Flashcards

1
Q

Why did the Communists Win the Chinese civil war?

A

-Nationalist ineptitude
-Communist popularity
-Mao able to mobilise the population and exploit nationalist incompetence
-Chiang lacked ruthlessness of Mao
THE COMMUNIST FORCES DID NOT WIN THE CIVIL WAR, RATHER THE NATIONALISTS LOST IT

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2
Q

Why may have peasants been bound together with fear of the communists?

A
  • Russian forces supplied the communits with weapons and soliders
  • communist terror was brutal
  • took place in low-key rural areas
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3
Q

What were the communists?

A

people who want to give more equality to the working class* and want to end foreign influence**

  • Party members became bourgeiosie
  • *Contradicted by russian influence
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4
Q

What did Mao attribute their victory to?

A

peasant support

claimed victory was a peoples victory which legitamized their view to impose communism on china

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5
Q

What were the problems for the communist regime?

A
  • peasants and mao supporters were uneducated and so were incapable of understanding complex marxist thought
  • china was wide and diverse, with different dialects, so getting across communist ideas was difficult (china was not a single unified nation)
  • lack of organisation, preparation (due to swift nationalist dimise) and inexperience in ruilling civilians
  • peasants were supposed to lead the revoultion, as workers only made up 1% of chinas population, but lacked the education to understand the concept of communism
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6
Q

What is Mao Ze-Dong Thought?

A

SELF RELIANCE - determine china would not be reliant on other powers
CONTINUING REVOLUTION - new generations involved in revolutionary struggle, to prevent counter revolution
CLASS STRUGGLE - struggle key to maintaining a revolution
LEARNING FROM THE PEOPLE - should be embedded by the people and masses should participate
MASS MOBILISATION - believed chinas people could achieve anything when mobilised

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7
Q

What is significant about class struggle?

A

explains why a new bourgeioise culture is continually created - so that a constant revolution can take place

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8
Q

What is shown by this Mao Quote - “political power grows out of the power of a gun. our principle is that the party commands the gun, and the gun must never be allowed to control the party”?

A

shows true democracy in the communist party lay in the obedience of the members to the authority and instructions of the leaders

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9
Q

What methods were used to deal with oppostion (exc. the PLA)?

A
  • mass participation
  • self-registration of nationalists
  • regional bureaux - 6 regions
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10
Q

What methods were used to by the PLA to deal with opposition?

A
  • struggle meetings
  • intimidate opponents - publish list of convicts
  • army
  • promote communism (reduce oppostion)
    • speak to people/help them
    • farming - everyone is equal, even PLA
    • building - more accepting of new regime
  • foot soldiers of communism
  • educated in the ways of communism
  • part of local government
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11
Q

What were Mao’s reasons for joining the Korean War (1950-53)?

A
  • shows communist strength to the world
  • anti-capitalist propaganda in china (to deal with oppostion outisde and inside of china)
  • gain resources and land from Korea
  • get communist support from Stalin (industrial help)
  • help unite the country with a victory
  • Mao hoped to rival Stalin as a leader of the communist movement
  • gave Mao an excuse to introduce campaigns to deal with oppostion
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12
Q

What was the campaign to suppress counter-revolutionaries - October 1950?

A
  • focused on internal threats to chinese revolution/links to GMD
  • executions carried out in public to have an impact
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13
Q

What was the Three-Antis campaign - August 1951 to July 1952?

A
  • targets were corruption, waste and obstructionist bureucracy
  • involved mass meetings
  • party members subject to self-criticism and were given a reminder of the danger of independent thought
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14
Q

What was the Five-Antis campaign - February to May 1952?

A
  • directed against the bourgeiosie

- mass meetings with denunciations of people and confiscation of property

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15
Q

What was the Hundred Flowers campaign - May to June 1957?

A

-lifted the restrictions imposed on chinese intellectuals and granted freedom of speech

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16
Q

What was the Anti-Rightist campaign - June 1957?

A
  • people were forced to retract their statements after a flood of criticism from the hundred flowers campaign
  • intellectuals were rounded on
17
Q

Why was the Hundred Flowers campaign introduced?

A
  • to see who those who opposed Mao and the communists

- to reveal those he believed to be traitors and to punish them afterward