Theme 1: Establishing Communist Rule

Question 1

What war did Mao win and when to put the Communists into power?

Answer 1

The Chinese Civil War in 1949

Question 2

What regions made up China?

Answer 2

Tibet
Xinjiang
Guangdong

Question 3

What percentage of the population still lived in rural areas?

Answer 3

80%

Question 4

What was the effect on the economy of the Chinese Civil War?

Answer 4

Economy completely devastated
No stable or unified currency
Hyperinflation

Question 5

What was the political effect of the Chinese Civil War?

Answer 5

Few experienced officials left to run cities or with enough technological knowledge to rebuild the economy.

Question 6

What were the effects on industry of the war?

Answer 6

Industrial equipment destroyed
Nationalist forces attempted to sabotage industrial sites

Question 7

How was agriculture effected by the Chinese Civil War?

Answer 7

Many peasants were forcibly conscripted meaning crops were left unattended (crops wilted and died)

Question 8

How many members did the CCP have by the end of 1950?

Answer 8

5.8 million

Question 9

What was Peng Dehuai’s role?

Answer 9

Minister of defence and commander-in-chief of the PLA

Question 10

What were party cadres?

Answer 10

Representatives helped enforce the Party’s policies
Controlled schools and the legal system
Monitored the PLA and the civil service

Question 11

What were work units called?

Answer 11

Danwei

Question 12

What organisation helped indoctrinate the youth?

Answer 12

All-China Federation of Democratic Youth

Question 13

What did the All-China Federation of Women do?

Answer 13

Mobilised women in support of the regime’s campaigns e.g. birth control and divorce rights

Question 14

What is the CPPCC and what was it role?

Answer 14

Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

Appoint the ministers who formed the new government, the Central People’s Government

Question 15

What was the Common Programme?

Answer 15

Temporary constitution

Question 16

How many members were in the Politburo?

Answer 16

14

Question 17

How many state officials were there in 1949 compared to 1959?

Answer 17

1949 - 720,000
1959 - 7.9 million

Question 18

When was the ‘Campaign to Suppress Counter-revolutionaries’?

Answer 18

March 1950

Question 19

When was the Three Antis Campaign?

Answer 19

August 1951

Question 20

When was the Five Antis Campaign?

Answer 20

February 1952

Question 21

What were the three antis?

Answer 21

Corruption, waste and bureaucracy

Question 22

What were ‘struggle meetings’?

Answer 22

Victims of the campaigns were forced to admit their guilt in front of large crowds demanding retribution

Question 23

What were the five antis?

Answer 23

Bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating on government contracts and stealing economic information

Question 24

When was the Reunification Campaigns?

Answer 24

1949-1950

Question 25

What areas were attacked in the Reunification Campaigns?

Answer 25

Tibet, Xinjiang, Guangdong

Question 26

What is the estimated amount of people executed in Guangdong?

Answer 26

28,000 people

Question 27

What was the Laogai system?

Answer 27

Labour camps in order to imprison their enemies

Question 28

How many were undergoing forced labour by the start of 1955?

Answer 28

>1.3 million people

Question 29

When was the Hundred Flowers Campaign?

Answer 29

1956

Question 30

What did the HFC involve?

Answer 30

Mao encouraged criticism of the Party by intellectuals, asking them to engage in a discussion and debate about future policies

Question 31

What were some suggested reasons for the launch of the HFC?

Answer 31

Asking intellectuals for help Rectification of the Party Removal of Mao’s enemies International concerns Over-confidence

Question 32

What were the criticisms of Mao and the CCP?

Answer 32

Denounced the Party’s failure to provide democratic rights or freedom of expression Attacked the privilege of Communist leaders

Question 33

What was Mao’s response to the HFC?

Answer 33

Launched the Anti-Rightist Campaign

Question 34

How many were purged during the Anti-Rightist Campaign?

Answer 34

Between 400,000 and 700,000

Question 35

When was the Korean War launched and with how many troops?

Answer 35

25th June 1950 135,000