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GCSE - Geography > Theme 1 - 1.6 - Urban Settlements > Flashcards

Theme 1 - 1.6 - Urban Settlements Flashcards

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1
Q

Define urban land use.

A

Activities such as industry, housing and commerce that may be found in towns and cities.

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2
Q

Define bid rent.

A

(A concept that) When land value and rent decreases as distance from the central business district increases.

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3
Q

Define central business district.

A

An area of an urban settlement where most of the commercial activity takes place.

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4
Q

Define suburbs.

A

The outer part of an urban settlement, generally consisting of residential housing and shops of a low order.

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5
Q

Define rural-urban fringe.

A

The boundary of a town or city, where new building is changing land use from rural to urban.

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6
Q

Define urban sprawl.

A

The unchecked outwards spread of built-up areas, which happens when urban areas continue to grow out without any planning.

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7
Q

Define redevelopment.

A

Attempts to improve an urban area.

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8
Q

Define urban renewal.

A

When existing buildings are improved.

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9
Q

Define gentrification.

A

The movement of higher social or economic groups into an area after it has been renovated and restored.

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10
Q

Where is the highest land value in a city?

A

In the central business district (CBD).

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11
Q

Which is the most accessible area of a city?

A

The central business district (CBD).

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the central business district?

A
  • High-rise buildings
  • Lack of space
  • High land value
  • Traffic and lots of people
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13
Q

Where in a city are most residential areas found?

A

In the suburbs.

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14
Q

Where are most industrial areas in the city?

A
  • Inner city
  • Along major transport routes
  • Edge-of-town locations
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15
Q

What is the inner city section characterised by?

A
  • Poor-quality terraced housing
  • Old manufacturing industry
  • Often in neglect and decay
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16
Q

Which is usually the newest part of a city?

A

The suburbs

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17
Q

Why is the inner city often in neglect and decay?

A

It is old and the manufacturing is no longer profitable, which has led to a lack of investment.

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18
Q

How are urban areas changing?

A
  • Much retail and commerce is now taking place on the edge of town
  • Inner city is being used for residential purposes
  • In LEDCs, shanty towns have formed -> These are slowly changing and being gentrified
19
Q

How does urban development differ in LEDCs and MEDCs?

A

LEDCs lack the same industrial development that MEDCs have. Also, LEDCs’ land use is different to MEDCs’.

20
Q

What are the two main land use models?

A
  • Concentric model (Burgess)

* Sector model (Hoyt)

21
Q

Describe the concentric land use model (Burgess model).

A 
The model is a series of concentric rings in the order of:
• CBD
• Wholesale manufacturing
• Low-class residential
• Medium-class residential
• High-class residential
22
Q

Describe the sector land use model (Hoyt model).

A 
The model is a series of sectors around a central point. The sectors are:
• CBD
• Wholesale manufacturing
• Low-class residential
• Medium-class residential
• High-class residential
23
Q

How did Hoyt think of his land use model?

A
  • He came up with it after the development of public transport
  • Sectors form along transport routes
24
Q

What are the key points about land use in LICs?

A
  • Rich generally live close to the city centre + Poor generally live on the periphery
  • Higher quality land occupied by wealthy
  • Segregation by wealth, race and ethnicity is evident
  • Manufacturing is scattered through the city, along generally along transport routes
  • Order: CBD, High-cost housing, Periferia (older informal housing with improvements), Favelas (new informal housing)
25
Q

In LICs, where do the rich and poor live?

A 
Rich
• Close to city centre
• Higher quality land
Poor
• Edges of city
• Lower quality land
26
Q

How can urban sprawl be prevented?

A

Green belts - areas surrounding a city in which urban development is limited.

27
Q

What is a green belt?

A

Areas surrounding a city in which urban development is limited.

28
Q

Where does the majority of urban change happen in the cit and why?

A

In edge-of-town locations because of:
• Lower land prices
• Land is available for development
• Accessibility to private cars is high

29
Q

What happens to existing buildings in urban redevelopment?

A

They are either demolished and rebuilt, or renovated.

30
Q

Who carries out urban redevelopment and urban renewal?

A

Government or a mix of government and private developers

31
Q

In which part of the city is gentrification most common?

A

Inner city

32
Q

What generally happens to propel living in an area which is gentrified?

A

They may out-migrate from the area.

33
Q

Give some examples of gentrification in LICs.

A
  • Woodstock in Cape Town (South Africa)

* Vidigal in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

34
Q

Is the CBD the same as the inner city?

A

No, the inner city is (or was) the industrial area surrounding the CBD.

35
Q

What are the characteristics of the inner city?

A
  • Poor-quality terraced 19th Century housing
  • Old manufacturing industry
  • Often in neglect and decay
  • High population density
  • Social problems
  • Redevelopment may be happening
36
Q

What are the characteristics of the inner suburbs?

A
  • Semi-detached housing mostly - 1930s
  • Less densely populated
  • Tree-lined streets
37
Q

What are the characteristics of the outer suburbs?

A
  • Modern detached and semi-detached housing
  • Mainly privately owned
  • Gardens, garages and off-street parking
  • Recreational activities -> E.g. Golf
  • On the rural-urban fringe
38
Q

Where are retail parks and industrial estates found in urban areas and why?

A 
On the rural-urban fringe, because:
• Good accessibility
• Near suburban labour force
• Cheaper land
• Land available for expansion
• Attractive environment
39
Q

Give some land uses in the rural-urban fringe.

A
  • New industries
  • Recreational activities
  • Housing
  • Shopping centres
  • New roads
40
Q

What are the benefits of the rural-urban fringe for economic development?

A
  • Cheap land
  • Room for expansion
  • Plenty of car-parking space
  • Workers close by
  • Good accessibility
  • Attractive environment + Little pollution
41
Q

What are greenfield and brownfield sites?

A

Greenfield: Sites which have never been build on
Brownfield: Sites which are old and derelict

42
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of building on greenfield sites (instead of on brownfield sites)?

A 
ADV.
• Cheaper to build on
• More freedom of location
DIS.
• Encourages urban sprawl
• Ruins countryside
• Encourages commuting and traffic congestion
43
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of building on brownfield sites (instead of on greenfield sites)?

A 
ADV.
• Reduces urban sprawl
• Improves urban environment
• Not damaging to countryside
• Reduces need for car use
DIS.
• Generally not as available in areas where there is a demand for housing
• More expensive to build on -> Land needs to be cleared
• Less choice of location

GCSE - Geography (19 decks)

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