Theme 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Online retailing benefits

A
  • lower costs = no physical store
  • Orders come at any time
  • Prices can be easily compared
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Online retailing drawbacks

A
  • More competition due to higher accessibility
  • Some people want physical interaction
  • Some feel uncomfortable giving their personal details
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Direct competiton

A

Similar products to appeal to same group of customers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Indirect competition

A

Business sell different products but are competing for the same customers ie restaurants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Production Orientation

A

Focuses heavily design , quality or performance and ASSUME customers will like it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Market Orientation

A

Focuses on customer preferences and invests on market research and what customers are WILLING to buy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Quantitive research

A

Numerical statistics - facts and figure
ie multiple choice questionnaires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Qualitative research

A

Opinions - tends to be more informative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary Market research (new data)

A
  • Questioners or surveys
  • Test marketing
  • Sampling
  • Focus groups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secondary Market research (using available data ) (3)

A

-Government publications
- Internet
- Market reports

+ Easy to gain access
- May be out of date

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Demographic market segment

A
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Class
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Geographic market segment

A
  • Dvided by region , country , world
    ie range of cultures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Income market segment

A

Aimed at either low income groups or high income groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Behavioural market segment

A
  • Amount of use
  • Lifestyle
  • Interests and hobbies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of competitive advantages (8)

A
  • Low costs
  • Innovative product
  • Successful advertising
  • Product differentiation
  • High quality
  • Good customer service
  • Convince
  • ADDED VALUE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Demand factors (8)

A
  • Substitutes
  • Complimenatry products
  • Consumer income
  • Seasoanl change
    -External shocks
    -Trends/ consumer preferences
    -Demogrpahics
  • Advertising and branding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Supply factors (6)

A
  • Production costs
  • Indirect taxes
  • Subsidies
  • New technology
  • Weather conditions
  • External shocks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PED dependent factors

A
  • Necessary products will be price INELASTIC
  • Brand loyal customers will cause elasticity to decrease
  • Internet and substitutes will increase elasticity
  • High priced products tend to have high elasticity
  • Regular bought product tends to have INELASTIC pricing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Marketing mix (4Ps)

A

Product
Price
Place
Promotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Design Mix (3)

A

Aesthetics - look good and not too complicated
Function - fit for purpose and fulfil customer needs
Cost - cheap to produce but ensuring good quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Social changes that influence the design mix

A
  • Ethically sourced
  • Sustainable materials
  • Recyclable and reusable products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Types of promotion (4)

A
  • Advertising = build brand image , target specific groups , social media is cheap version
  • Sale promotions = raises awareness of business
  • Personal selling through a salesperson
  • Sponsership / PR = may be expensive and taken the wrong way OR can raise brand awareness and create good public image
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Type of branding (3)

A

Corporate branding = How business is presented

Product branding = How individual product is presented (clear logo , name , statement) , product tends to have a higher price as customers trust the brand

Own brand branding = Supermarket brand product , cheap to produce and typically sold at low price but are known for lower quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Benefits of strong branding

A
  • Add value to product
  • Make product less price elastic
  • Seen as a higher quality product making it more desirable than the subsidies
  • Can prevent new entrants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How to build a brand
- Give product a USP which helps differentiate the product - Advertising will build customer awareness - Sponsorship although costly it will be advertised to anyone attending or watching - Strong social media presence - low cost and can target several groups
26
Price skimming
New product sold at HIGH STARTING price , then fall after a year or if there are cheaper alternatives
27
Penetration pricing
Launching a new product and setting at the lowest possible price -Suitable for price elastic products to gain market share -Customers may be expecting price to remain low
28
Predatory pricing
Business lowers prices to undercut other business out of the market - Effective on new entrants trying to become established
29
Competitive pricing
Prices are lower or match their competition
30
What social trends can affect Pricing strategies ? (2)
- Online retail = easier for customers to compare prices Many subsidies available - Price comparison websites = save time and effort with comparison of products
31
Product life cycle
Development Introduction Growth Maturity Decline
32
Extension strategies to keep product growing (2)
- Product development - Promotion change
33
Importance of a mixed product portfolio
- If one product is in the declining stage , then the business can still depend on other products to remain successful
34
Boston Matrix
High market share , High market growth = Star High market share , Small market growth = Cash Cow Small market share , High market growth = Question mark Small market share , Small market growth = Dog
35
Limitation of Boston matrix
- Can’t exactly predict product turnout - Profit of the product may be different to the suggested matrix
36
B2B marketing
Sale of one business products to another business ie surgery gloves to hospitals - More informative - Not likely to be heavily advertised - Customers are CAUTIOUS of cost over the quality - Important to have a long-term relationship - Must have effective customer service - More specialised products - High production volume
37
B2C marketing
Selling a product directly to a consumer ie food in supermarkets - Customer may feel an emotional component - Customer focuses on quality not price - Traditional advertising is used to target a mass audience
38
Customer loyalty importance
- Leads to repeated purchases - Salespeople and after sale is vital to ensure good customer relations - More expensive the brand the more the customer will bevalued - Loyalty cards can bring retailer and customer together
39
Wage V Salary (defenition)
wage - paid based off the amount of work completed salary - fixed amount paid monthly/weekly
40
Types of flexible workforce (7)
- Full time - Part time - Zero hour contract - Work from home - Shift work - Flexible hours - Outsourcing
41
Pros and Cons of INTERNAL recruitment
- Candidates are aware of the business - Short and cheap hiring process -Motivated workers to get a promotion - Leaves a empty job in another department - Other workers not chosen might feel resentment
42
Pros and Cons of EXTERNAL recruitment
- New and fresh ides - Brings experience from other organisations - Large applicant number -Long and expensive process - Longer introduction process - May behave differently to the way they’re presented
43
On-the-job training Pros and Cons
- Easy to organise -Cheap -Specific to job title - Trainers wont be productive -Some bad habits may be passed on - Lack of new ideas
44
Off-the-job training Pros and Cons
-Specialist trainers - New and fresh ideas - No distractions - Costly - May not be specific to specific job listing
45
Hierarchical Structure
- Each level has authority over the level below it - Clearly shows which employee is accountable to someone - Shows clear devotions of sections
46
Tall structure
- Long command chain - Bad communication and less efficient - Descions take ages to be approved - Lots of paperwork involved - High opportunity for a promotion = Source of motivation
47
Flat Structure
-Less levels = more responsibility and freedom - Message between one level make take time - Managers have a wide span of control
48
Advantages and Disadvantages of Centralisation (Managers)
- Leaders have a lot of experience - Mangers get a overview of business as a whole - No bias toward workers - Quick descions - Demotivating to excluded employees - Likely to react slowly which allows competitors to take action first
49
Advantages and Disadvantages of Decentralisation (Staff)
- Involvement will motivate employees make them feel valued - Day to day decisions can be made quickly - Can have expert knowledge on specific sector - May not have enough experience - May not version the whole business when finalising the descion
50
Matrix structure pros and cons
- Tends to be project based - Clear reporting system -Clear objectives - Conflict may lead between different segment managers within a project
51
Taylors Scinetific management
- MONEY - more produced = more pay = motivation - may lead to a fall in quality
52
Maslow hierarchy of needs
- Needs from lower down the pyramid must be met - Needs are specific to each individual
53
Herzbergs Two factor Theory
Hygiene factors don’t motivate but ensure satisfaction ie pay , supervision , relations Motivation factors will focus on motivation ie recognition , achievements
54
Mayo’s Human relations Theory
- Manager communications with employees must be prioritised to ensure employee feel valued - Social needs must be met ie social clubs or free work gatherings
55
Non financial motivation methods (8)
- Job enlargement - Job enrichment - Job rotation - Empowerment - Consulations - Delegation - Team-working - Flexible working
56
Financial motivation methods (4)
- Piecework = paid per unit produced - Commission = Bonus on top of their salary - Performance-related pay - Bonus schemes
57
Leader vs Manager
Leaders share a vision with others an push people to complete it , often think long term to improve and innovate business Managers make decisions affecting day-to-day , by setting department objectives to meet targets
58
Autocratic leadership
- Independently form decisions - Requires heavy supervision - Used on unskilled workers or projects with quick deadlines
59
Paternalistic leadership
- Leader consults workers before making decisions - Leader gets involved and cares about employee well-being - Used on unskilled workers or with quick deadlines
60
Democratic leadership
- Discuss issues with employees and encourages participation - Leader delegates tasks and tries to keep motivation high - Hard to implement in big group
61
Laissez-faire leadership
- Rare interference with employees - Successful when implanted to a highly motivated workforce
62
Qualities of a Entrepreneur (3)
- Set and create a business = notice gaps in the market with market research and raise enough money for start up - Run and develop a business = up to date on laws and regulations , set new objectives and aims , hire employees - Innovate the business = New products , take risks , encourage innovation within employees
63
Barriers to overcome Entrepreneurship (4)
- Lack of money - Lack of confidence - Lack of training - Lack the ability to identify growth and development opportunities
64
Entrepreneur characteristics (6)
- Initiative - Hard-working’ - Creative - Self confident - Risk taking - Resilient
65
Financial motives of setting up a business (2)
- Earn enough to support themselves - Earn more than through employment
66
Non financial motives of setting up a business (6)
- Indepndece - Flexibility - Work from home - Challenge might motivate them - Make a difference toward a social problem - Change in ethical issues
67
Moving from entrepreneur to a leader (3)
- Delegate responsibility to other members - Develop emotional intelligence (manage emotions) - Become less reactive (ask others for opinion before finalisation)
68
Business objectives (9)
- Aim and objectives - Survival - Maximising profits - Sale maximisation - Increased market share and revenue - Cost effiency - Improve employee welfare - Increase customer satisfaction - Social objectives
69
Sole trader
- Easy and quick -Profits return to owner - Personal customer attention - Risky = hard to establish in the market - No EOS
70
Partnerships
- Easy to raise capital - No information is released to the public - Shared skills , decisions and problems -Unlimited liability - Disagreements may occur
71
Private Limited company (Ltd)
- Limited liability - Can sell shares to raise capital - Has legal status - Can employ managers - Accounts are public - Expensive to set up - Can’t sell shares on the stock market