The Xray Tube And Interactions With The Xray Tube

Question 1

Cathode

Answer 1

Negatively charged, cathode is heated to an incandescence and electrons are boiled off the filaments, heated by electricity (mA), contains the focusing cup which contains the small and large filament

Question 2

Anode

Answer 2

Positively charged, where the electrons are sent after being boiled off, originally stationary until 1936 then became rotating, made of tungsten and rhenium, is now connected to a rotor to make it rotate

Question 3

Glass envelope

Answer 3

Made of Pyrix glass, so it can withstand the heat produced, houses the cathode and anode

Question 4

Who discovered X-rays?

Answer 4

William Conrad Roetgen

Question 5

When were x-rays discovered?

Answer 5

November 8, 1895

Question 6

Xrays travel at the speed of…..

Answer 6

Light

Question 7

Which have more power to penetrate: short wavelengths or long wavelengths?

Answer 7

Short wavelengths

Question 8

What does the glass envelope contain that makes the electrons go towards the anode?

Answer 8

A vacuum

Question 9

What percent of the X-ray is heat?

Answer 9

99.8%

Question 10

What percent of the xray is actually xrays?

Answer 10

Less than 1 percent

Question 11

What are the two types of xrays?

Answer 11

Crookes and Coolidge

Question 12

Crookes X-ray tube

Answer 12

Does not have an vacuum, this is what Roetgen used

Question 13

Coolidge X-ray tube

Answer 13

Has a vacuum, used today, more detail that Crookes

Question 14

mAs

Answer 14

The number of electrons

Question 15

kVp

Answer 15

The speed or penetrating power

Question 16

What is the click you here when exposing?

Answer 16

It means the anode is ready and the exposure is taken

Question 17

Wavelength

Answer 17

Is controlled by voltage

Question 18

What happens when you increase the voltage?

Answer 18

You increase speed, increase penetrating power, and decrease the wavelength

Question 19

Kinetic energy and its interaction with the tube

Answer 19

Determines the interaction, 99% of kinetic energy is converted to heat

Question 20

Three basic components of the X-ray tube

Answer 20

Cathode, anode, and glass envelope

Question 21

What are the two interactions that occur with an anode?

Answer 21

Bremsstrahlung (Brems) and characteristic

Question 22

Brems

Answer 22

1st interaction, 80-90%, Breaking or slowing down, electrons attracted to the nucleus, responsible for the heterozygous beam (not all the energy that leaves the tube is the same)

Question 23

The closer the electrons get to the nucleus the….

Answer 23

Stronger they are, have higher energy, and have shorter wavelengths

Question 24

Heterogenous

Answer 24

Brems, differential absorption, gives subject contrast, gray shades of an X-ray, a large percentage is low energy, filtration (inherent) (gets rid of low energy), avg energy is 1/3 the maximum energy

Question 25

Characteristic

Answer 25

2nd interaction, 10-15%, interaction with the orbital electron, characteristic cascade, small portion of overall beam, filtration removes 2, 10’ 12 kV Rays,

Question 26

What happens when an electron “jumps shell”?

Answer 26

Energy is released as characteristic radiation

Question 27

During a characteristic interaction, repulsive negative charge will eject the electron leaving a _______, therefore _________ the atom.

Answer 27

Vacancy, ionizing

Question 28

During the characteristic interaction, After the atom has lost an electron the outer shell will…

Answer 28

Fill the vacancy (only occurs when the incident electron interacts with an inner-shell electron, also known as characteristic cascade)