Filtration

Question 1

The average energy of the beam is controlled by what?

Answer 1

KVp and filtration

Question 2

Filtration _________ the beam by removing __________ energy photons.

Answer 2

Hardens ; Low

Question 3

Filtration __________ patient dose (to the skin)

Answer 3

Reduces

Question 4

Filtration _________ detail

Answer 4

Increases

Question 5

Filtration _________ quantity.

Answer 5

Decreases

Question 6

Filtration _________ quality.

Answer 6

Increases

Question 7

What is the standard filtering material used?

Answer 7

Aluminum

Question 8

Thickness of aluminum equivalency:

Answer 8

AL/eq.

Question 9

Lower kVp equals ________ filtration

Answer 9

Less

Question 10

What other materials can be used for filtration?

Answer 10

Aluminum, glass, copper, oil, and tin

Question 11

Half-Value Layer (HVL)

Answer 11

The amount of absorbing material that will reduce the intensity of the primary beam to half its original value

Question 12

What two things does the Half-Value Layer do to the beam?

Answer 12

Hardens the beam and increases beam quality

Question 13

The amount of absorbing material that will reduce the intensity of the primary beam to half its original value is…..

Answer 13

Half-Value Layer (HVL)

Question 14

Using the HVL: if you have 90mR and one HVL is incorporated what would you have?

Answer 14

45mR

Take half of 90 = 45

Question 15

Using the HVL: if you have 90mR and 2 HVL is incorporated what would you have?

Answer 15

22.5mR

Take half of 90 = 45, then take half of 45 = 22.5

Question 16

And increase in inherent + an increase in kVp = __________ HVL

Answer 16

Higher

Question 17

Increases kVp (penetration) = __________ HVL

Answer 17

Higher

Question 18

Two types of filtration

Answer 18

Inherent and added

Question 19

Inherent filtration

Answer 19

Construction of tube and housing (most comes from window)
0.5 - 1.0 mm Al/eq.
Tube, oil, window, mirrors

Question 20

Added filtration

Answer 20

Between tube and image receptor (collimator)

Question 21

Filtration __________ as the tube ages

Answer 21

Increases

Question 22

Aluminum’s atomic number

Answer 22

13

Question 23

How much Al/eq. do collimators average?

Answer 23

1.00 mm Al/eq.

Question 24

Collimators are a form of _______________ filtration

Answer 24

Added

Question 25

Inherent filtration + added filtration equals the….

Answer 25

Total amount of filtration

Question 26

A kVp of 50 or less would have what amount of total filtration?

Answer 26

0.5 mm Al.

Question 27

A kVp of 50-70 would have what amount of total filtration?

Answer 27

1.5 mm Al.

Question 28

A kVp of 70 or greater would have what amount of total filtration?

Answer 28

2.5 mm Al.

Question 29

Compound

Answer 29

Uses two or more materials that complement one another in their absorbing abilities

Question 30

K- edge filters

Answer 30

Constructed so each layer absorbs the characteristic photons created by the previous layer

Question 31

Thoreaus filter

Answer 31

Used in therapy (tin, copper, aluminum) arranged according to atomic number

Question 32

Compensating

Answer 32

Used to solve a problem involving unequal subject densities

Examples: AP foot, AP T- spine, AP Femur

Question 33

Compensating produces more uniform ___________

Answer 33

Density

Question 34

Wedge

Answer 34

Type of compensation, graduated (thicker or thinner body part)

Question 35

Trough

Answer 35

Type of compensation, used for AP Chest or Scoliosis, may have to increase kVp by 8-10

Question 36

Filtration decrease both:

Answer 36

Density and contrast

Question 37

Filtration __________ patient dose

Answer 37

Reduces

Question 38

In DR you will not see the changes in density or contrast. T or F?

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Increased filtration, _____________ exposure to maintain density

Answer 39

Increases

Question 40

Anything greater than 3.5mm ___________ density and contrast

Answer 40

Decreases

Question 41

Filtration does not effect ____________ or ____________.

Answer 41

Magnification or distortion

Question 42

Filtration mainly controls…

Answer 42

Density

Question 43

The process of eliminating low energy X-ray photons by insertion of absorbing materials into the primary beam is…

Answer 43

Filtration