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Anatomy 2 > The Wrist Muscles > Flashcards

The Wrist Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Flexor Carpi radialis

A

Superficial

O: Common flexor origin
R: distally and laterally
I: palmar surfaces of the 2nd and 3rd MCs
A: wrist flexion and radial deviation
NS: median nerve (C5-T1)
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2
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

superficial

O: 2 heads
medial = CFO, ulnar collateral ligament, sublime tubercle (on the coronoid process of the ulna)
lateral = upper 2/3 of anteiror border of radius

R: distally and slightly laterally

I: splits into four tendons and inserts into the palmar aspect of base of intermediate phalanx of four medial fingers

A: flexion of PIP, MCP and wrist joints

NS: median nerve C5-T1

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3
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Superficial

O: two heads

  • humeral = CFO
  • ulnar = medial border of olecranon + posterior border of ulna

R: distally

I: pisiform

A: flexion of wrist and ulnar deviation

NS: Ulnar nerve C7-T1

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4
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

Superficial

O: CFO

R: Distally

I: palmar aponeurosis + superficial surface of flexor retinaculum

A: weak flexor of the wrist + tightens palmar fascia… may assist with flexion of the digits

NS: median nerve C5-T1

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5
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

deep:

O: upper 3/4 of the anterior and medial aspects of the shaft of ulna, coronoid process, and middle 1/2 of interosseous membrane

R: distally

I: palmar surface of base of distal phalanges of four medial fingers

A: flexion of DIP, PIP, MCP and wrist joints

NS:
lateral half = median nerve C5-T1
medial half = ulnar nerve + C7-T1

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6
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

O:

  • anterior surface of radius (inferior to anterior oblique liine and superior to pronator quadratus)
  • adjacent interosseous membrane

R:
- distally

I:
- palmar surface of base of distal phalanx of the thumb

A:
- flexion of all the joints it crosses (IP, MCP and wrist joints)

NS:
- median nerve C5-T1

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7
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A

lateral attachment
- scaphoid tubercle + trapezium

medial attachment:
- pisiform + hook of hamate

contents:

  • median nerve (carpal tunnel syndrome)
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • flexor carpi radialis
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8
Q

What are the branches of the median nerve

A
  • Anterior interosseous nerve
  • lateral (recurrent) branch
  • medial branch
  • palmar cutaneous branch
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9
Q

What are the branches of the ulnar nerve

A
  • Superficial branch
  • Deep branch
  • dorsal branch
  • palmar cutaneous branch
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10
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

O:

  • lower 1/3rd of the lateral supracondylar ridge
  • adjacent intermuscular septum

R:
- distally

I:
- posterior aspect of the base of the 2nd MC

A:
- wrist extension and radial deviation

NS:
- radial nerve C5-T1

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11
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

O: common extensor origin

R: distally (with extensor carpi radialis longus)

I: posterior aspect of the base of the 3rd MC

A: wrist extension + radial deviation

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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12
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

O: CEO

R: four tendons run distally and pass deep to extensor retinaculum

I: extensor hood on dorsum of medial four fingers

A: extension of MCP and wrist joints
- may contribute to extension of IP joints

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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13
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

O: CEO

R: distally and medially

I: medial side of the extensor hood of the 5th finger

A: extension of the 5th finger (all joints) + weak extensor of the wrist

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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14
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

O:

  • CEO
  • posterior border of the ulna

R: distally and then tendon runs in a groove between the head of ulna and its styloid process

I: tubercle on the medial side of the base of the 5th MC

A: extension + ulnar deviation of the wrist

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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15
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

O:

  • posterior aspect of the lower ulna
  • adjacent interosseous membrane

R: distally

I: blends with the extensor hood of the index finger

A: extends the digitorum on index finger + aids wrist extension

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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16
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

O:

  • posterior aspect of the ulna inferior to anconeus
  • interosseous membrane
  • middle 1/3 of the radius

R: distally

I:

  • lateral side of the base of the 1st MC
  • additional slip to trapezium

A: abdution of the 1st CMC joint

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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17
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A

O:
- posterior ulna + adjacent interosseous membrane proximal to extensor indicis

R: distally

I: small triangular expansion into dorsal surface of the distal phalanx of the thumb

A:

  • extension of all joints to the thumb
  • assists in wrist extension and radial deviation

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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18
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

O:

  • posterior aspect of the middle 1/3rd of the radius
  • adjacent interosseous membrane

R: distally

I: dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

A: extension of 1st MCP and CMC joints

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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19
Q

Borders of the anatomical snuff box

A

laterally = Abductor pollicis longus + extensor pollicis brevis

Medially = extensor pollicis longus

floor = radial styloid process, scaphoid, trapezium, and base of 1st MC

contents = radial artery

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20
Q

Extensor Retinaculum

A

Lateral attachment = distal part of the anterior surface of the radius

Medial attachment = distal end of the ulna, pisiform, triquetral, and ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist

function = hold extensor tendons in place and prevent bowstringing

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21
Q

Branches of the Radial Nerve

A 
Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Arm
Lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Deep/Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve
superficial branch of the radial nerve
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22
Q

Adductor Pollicis

A

O: 2 heads

  • oblique head = tendon of FCR, base of 2,3,4th MCS, trapezoid and capitate
  • transverse head = anterior surface of the 3rd MC shaft

R: laterally

I: both heads insert into medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

A: thumb adduction and opposition

NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1

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23
Q

Opponens Pollicis (deep)

A

O: flexor retinaculum + tubercle of trapezium

R: distally

I: lateral 1/2 of the anterior surface of the 1st MC

A: opposition

NS: recurrent (lateral) branch of the median nerve C5-T1

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24
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis (superficial)

A

O:

  • flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
  • capitate and trapezoid (deeper)

R: distally (with sesamoid bone forming within the tendon)

I: lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

A: flexion of the thumb at MCP and CMC joints

NS:

  • recurrent (lateral) branch of the median nerve C5-T1
  • (deep) ulnar nerve C7-T1
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25
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis (superficial)

A

O: flexor retinaculum + tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

R: distally

I: lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

A: abducts the thumb at the MCP and CMC joints

NS: recurrent (lateral) branch of the median nerve C5-T1

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26
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

O:
- pisiform + pisohamate + pisometacarpal ligaments + tendon of FCU

R: distally

I: medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger and DDE

A: abducts 5th finger + assists flexion of 5th MCP joint

NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C7-T1)

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27
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

O: hook of hamate + flexor retinaculum

R: distally

I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger

A: flexes 5th MCP

NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1

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28
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

O: hook of hamate + flexor retinaculum

R: distally

I: medial aspect of the 5th MC

A: opposition of the 5th finger

NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1

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29
Q

Palmaris Brevis

A

O: medial border of palmar aponeurosis + front of flexor retinaculum

R: medially

I; skin on medial border of the hand

A: wrinkles skin on medial aspect of hand + assists thumb in producing a good grip

NS: superficial branch of the ulnar nerve (C7-T1)

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30
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

4 bipennate muscles

O: sides of adjacent metacarpals

R: distally

I: DDE and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4

A:

  • abduction and flexion of MCPs of digits 2-4
  • extension of IPs

NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1

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31
Q

Palmar Interossei

A

4 unipennate muscles

O: palmar surface 1st (often rudiementary), 2nd, 4th and 5th MC shafts

R: distally

I: DDEs and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 1,2,4,5

A:

  • adduction + flexion of MCPs
  • extension of IPs

NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1

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32
Q

Lumbricals

A

lateral 2: (unipennate)
O = lateral side of lateral FDP tendon on digits 2 & 3
I = lateral edge DDEs at base of proximal phalanx

medial 2: (bipennate)
O = adjacent FDP tendons on digits 3,4,5
I = lateral edge of DDEs at base of proximal phalanx

A: flexion MCPs and extension IPs

NS:
lateral 2 = median nerve C5-T1
medial 2 = deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1

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33
Q

Joint classification of the radial carpal joint

A

synovial ellipsoidal joint

34
Q

axis of movement of RC joint

A

2 DFs: flexion/extension + rad/ulnar deviation

35
Q

Articular surfaces of the RC joint

A
  • scaphoid & lunate + distal radius = laterally
  • triquetral + medial joint capsule
  • lunate + articular disc
36
Q

Describe the distal radius

A

with the ulnar disc, makes a biconcave articular surface

divided by a low ridge into:

  • lateral triangular area to articulate with scaphoid
  • medial quadrangular area for articulation with lunate
37
Q

Describe the features of the articular disc and its attachments

A
  • Triangular fibrocartilage disc
  • thicker on its peripherally
  • articulates proximally with the head of ulna and distally with lunate

attachments:

  • lateral side of the base of the ulnar styloid
  • sharp inferior edge of ulna notch on radius

Function:

  • principle structure uniting the radius and ulna
  • increases stability at the joint
38
Q

Ligaments of the RC joint

A 
Palmar radiocarpal
Palmar ulnocarpal
Dorsal Radiocarpal
Ulnar collateral carpal ligament
radial collateral carpal ligament
39
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the palmar radiocarpal ligament

A

anterior edge of radius to anterior surface of the proximal row of carpals + capitate

limits extension of the RC joint

40
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the palmar ulnocarpal ligament

A

anterior edge of articular disc + base of ulnar styloid to anterior surface of proximal carpal bones

limits extension at the RC joint

41
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the Dorsal Radiocarpal ligament

A

posterior edge of the radius to the posterior surface of the scaphoid + lunate + triquetral

limits flexion at the RC joint

42
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the ulnar collateral carpal ligament

A

rounded cord

from the ulnar styloid process to the base of pisiform + triquetral

limits radial deviation at the RC joint

43
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the radial collateral carpal ligament

A

from tip of radial styloid to lateral side of scaphoid + trapezium

limits ulnar deviation at the RC joint

44
Q

Joint classification of the midcarpal joint

A

complex synovial

45
Q

axis of movement of the MC joint

A

2 planes

46
Q

articular surfaces of the MC joint

A

Laterally:

  • scaphoid articulates with trapezium + trapezoid
  • slightly convex distally

Medially:

  • scaphoid + lunate + triquetral articulate with capitate and hamate
  • concave distally
47
Q

Ligaments of the MC joint

A

Palmar intercarpal ligament
Dorsal intercarpal ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament

48
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the Palmar intercarpal ligament

A

aka radiate capitate ligament

from bones of proximal row predominately to the capitate

reinforce joint capsule and stabilize the joint

49
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the dorsal intercarpal ligament

A

between bones of proximal and distal rows of carpals

reinforce capsule and stabilize the joint

50
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the radial collateral ligament of midcarpal joint

A

strong band passing from scaphoid to trapezium

continutation of radial collateral carpal ligament of RC joint

Reinforce the capsule and stabilizes the joint

51
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the ulnar collateral ligament

A

from triquetral to hamate

continuation of ulnar collateral carpal ligament of RC joint

reinforce the capsule and stabilize the joint

52
Q

ROM of wrist flexion

A 
total = 85
RC = 50
MC = 35

limited by:

  • dorsal radiocarpal ligament
  • posterior capsule
  • apposition of proximal carpus against radius
  • wrist and finger extensors
53
Q

ROM of wrist extension

A 
total = 85
RC = 35
MC = 50

limited by:

  • palmar radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments
  • anterior capsule
  • apposoition of proximal carpus against radius
  • wrist and finger flexors
54
Q

ROM of radial deviation

A 
total = 15
RC = 7
MC = 8

limited by:
ulnar collateral ligament
bony apposition of scaphoid against the radial styloid

55
Q

ROM of ulnar deviation

A 
total = 40-45
RC = 30
MC = 15

limited by:
- radial collateral ligament

56
Q

joint classification of the 1st CMC

A

synovial saddle joint

57
Q

articular surfaces of the 1st CMC

A

trapezium = convex medial to lateral + concave palmar to dorsi

base of 1st MC = reciprocal shape

covered in HC

58
Q

ligaments of 1st CMC

A

radial carpometacarpal ligament

anterior + posterior oblique ligaments

59
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the radial carpometacarpal ligament of the 1st CMC

A

from the lateral adjacent surfaces of trapezium and 1st MC

reinforces the capsule and stabilizes the joint

60
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the anterior and posterior oblique ligaments of the 1st CMC

A

from the anteiror/posterior surface of the trapezium, to medial side of 1st MC

limits flexion (posterior)
limits extension (anterior)
61
Q

movements of the 1st CMC

A

flexion and extension = 40-50
- concave on convex

abduction/adduction = 80
- convex on caoncave

62
Q

Phases of opposition

A

phase 1 = abduction
phase 2 = flexion and medial rotation
phase 3 = adduction (depending on where it wants to go)

63
Q

2nd to 5th CMC joints classification

A

synovial plane joints

64
Q

articular surfaces of the 2nd-5th CMC joints

A

2nd CMC = 2nd MC with trapezoid + little capitate + trapezium

3rd CMC = 3rd MC with capitate

4th CMC = 4th MC with hamate and little capitate

5th CMC = 5th MC with hamate

65
Q

Ligaments of the 2nd 5th CMC joints

A

dorsal carpometarcarpal ligaments
palmar carpometacarpal ligaments
interosseous ligaments of CMC

role of all = reinforce capsule and stabilizes the joints

limited movement available at CMC joint

66
Q

joint classificaiton of the MCP joint

A

synovial condyloid

67
Q

axis of movement of MCP joints

A

transverse and Ap

68
Q

Articular Surfaces of the MCP joints

A

rounded head of MC = convex
base of proximal phalanx = concave

covered in HC
fibrocartilaginous plate present known as palmar ligament (increases articular area of base of proximal phalanx)

69
Q

ligaments of the MCP joints

A

Palmar ligament
collateral ligaments
Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

70
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the Palmar ligament of the MCP joints

A

a fibro cartilaginous plate

increases surface area of proximal phalanx + limits extension

71
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the collateral ligaments of the MCP joint

A

sides of MC heads to palmar side of the base of the proximal phalanx

stabilizes the joint (tension increases during flexion)

72
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

A

connects the four palmar ligaments of the 2nd to 5th MCP joints

acts to bind the heads of the MCPs together = limiting abduction

73
Q

Movements available at the MCP joints

A

Concave moving on convex

Flexion = > 90 (increasing towards the little finger)
extension = up to 50
abduction and adduction = 30 when MCPs positioned in extension

74
Q

Joint classification of the IP joints

A

synovial hinge

75
Q

axis of movement of the IP joints

A

transverse

76
Q

articular surfaces of the IP joints

A

Head of proximal phalanx with base of middle phalanx

head of middle phalanx with base of distal phalanx

covered in HC

fibrocartilaginous plate

77
Q

Ligaments of the IP joints

A

Collateral ligaments

palmar ligaments

78
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the collateral ligaments of the IP joints

A

attaches to the sides of the head of the most proximal phalanx to the sides of the base of adjacent phalanx

tension increases during flexion

79
Q

Describe the attachments and function of the palmar ligaments

A

fibro cartilaginous plate increasing surface area of base of adjacent phalanx

limits extension

80
Q

ROm available at the IP joints

A 
flexion = 90-135
extension = 1-5

Anatomy 2 (4 decks)

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