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Anatomy 2 > The Wrist Muscles > Flashcards

The Wrist Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Flexor Carpi radialis

A

Superficial

O: Common flexor origin
R: distally and laterally
I: palmar surfaces of the 2nd and 3rd MCs
A: wrist flexion and radial deviation
NS: median nerve (C5-T1)
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2
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

superficial

O: 2 heads
medial = CFO, ulnar collateral ligament, sublime tubercle (on the coronoid process of the ulna)
lateral = upper 2/3 of anteiror border of radius

R: distally and slightly laterally

I: splits into four tendons and inserts into the palmar aspect of base of intermediate phalanx of four medial fingers

A: flexion of PIP, MCP and wrist joints

NS: median nerve C5-T1

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3
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Superficial

O: two heads

  • humeral = CFO
  • ulnar = medial border of olecranon + posterior border of ulna

R: distally

I: pisiform

A: flexion of wrist and ulnar deviation

NS: Ulnar nerve C7-T1

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4
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

Superficial

O: CFO

R: Distally

I: palmar aponeurosis + superficial surface of flexor retinaculum

A: weak flexor of the wrist + tightens palmar fascia… may assist with flexion of the digits

NS: median nerve C5-T1

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5
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

deep:

O: upper 3/4 of the anterior and medial aspects of the shaft of ulna, coronoid process, and middle 1/2 of interosseous membrane

R: distally

I: palmar surface of base of distal phalanges of four medial fingers

A: flexion of DIP, PIP, MCP and wrist joints

NS:
lateral half = median nerve C5-T1
medial half = ulnar nerve + C7-T1

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6
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

O:

  • anterior surface of radius (inferior to anterior oblique liine and superior to pronator quadratus)
  • adjacent interosseous membrane

R:
- distally

I:
- palmar surface of base of distal phalanx of the thumb

A:
- flexion of all the joints it crosses (IP, MCP and wrist joints)

NS:
- median nerve C5-T1

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7
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A

lateral attachment
- scaphoid tubercle + trapezium

medial attachment:
- pisiform + hook of hamate

contents:

  • median nerve (carpal tunnel syndrome)
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • flexor carpi radialis
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8
Q

What are the branches of the median nerve

A
  • Anterior interosseous nerve
  • lateral (recurrent) branch
  • medial branch
  • palmar cutaneous branch
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9
Q

What are the branches of the ulnar nerve

A
  • Superficial branch
  • Deep branch
  • dorsal branch
  • palmar cutaneous branch
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10
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

O:

  • lower 1/3rd of the lateral supracondylar ridge
  • adjacent intermuscular septum

R:
- distally

I:
- posterior aspect of the base of the 2nd MC

A:
- wrist extension and radial deviation

NS:
- radial nerve C5-T1

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11
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

O: common extensor origin

R: distally (with extensor carpi radialis longus)

I: posterior aspect of the base of the 3rd MC

A: wrist extension + radial deviation

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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12
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

O: CEO

R: four tendons run distally and pass deep to extensor retinaculum

I: extensor hood on dorsum of medial four fingers

A: extension of MCP and wrist joints
- may contribute to extension of IP joints

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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13
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

O: CEO

R: distally and medially

I: medial side of the extensor hood of the 5th finger

A: extension of the 5th finger (all joints) + weak extensor of the wrist

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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14
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

O:

  • CEO
  • posterior border of the ulna

R: distally and then tendon runs in a groove between the head of ulna and its styloid process

I: tubercle on the medial side of the base of the 5th MC

A: extension + ulnar deviation of the wrist

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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15
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

O:

  • posterior aspect of the lower ulna
  • adjacent interosseous membrane

R: distally

I: blends with the extensor hood of the index finger

A: extends the digitorum on index finger + aids wrist extension

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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16
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

O:

  • posterior aspect of the ulna inferior to anconeus
  • interosseous membrane
  • middle 1/3 of the radius

R: distally

I:

  • lateral side of the base of the 1st MC
  • additional slip to trapezium

A: abdution of the 1st CMC joint

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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17
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A

O:
- posterior ulna + adjacent interosseous membrane proximal to extensor indicis

R: distally

I: small triangular expansion into dorsal surface of the distal phalanx of the thumb

A:

  • extension of all joints to the thumb
  • assists in wrist extension and radial deviation

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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18
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

O:

  • posterior aspect of the middle 1/3rd of the radius
  • adjacent interosseous membrane

R: distally

I: dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

A: extension of 1st MCP and CMC joints

NS: posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve C5-T1

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19
Q

Borders of the anatomical snuff box

A

laterally = Abductor pollicis longus + extensor pollicis brevis

Medially = extensor pollicis longus

floor = radial styloid process, scaphoid, trapezium, and base of 1st MC

contents = radial artery

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20
Q

Extensor Retinaculum

A

Lateral attachment = distal part of the anterior surface of the radius

Medial attachment = distal end of the ulna, pisiform, triquetral, and ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist

function = hold extensor tendons in place and prevent bowstringing

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21
Q

Branches of the Radial Nerve

A 
Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Arm
Lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Deep/Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve
superficial branch of the radial nerve
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22
Q

Adductor Pollicis

A

O: 2 heads

  • oblique head = tendon of FCR, base of 2,3,4th MCS, trapezoid and capitate
  • transverse head = anterior surface of the 3rd MC shaft

R: laterally

I: both heads insert into medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

A: thumb adduction and opposition

NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1

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23
Q

Opponens Pollicis (deep)

A

O: flexor retinaculum + tubercle of trapezium

R: distally

I: lateral 1/2 of the anterior surface of the 1st MC

A: opposition

NS: recurrent (lateral) branch of the median nerve C5-T1

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24
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis (superficial)

A

O:

  • flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
  • capitate and trapezoid (deeper)

R: distally (with sesamoid bone forming within the tendon)

I: lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

A: flexion of the thumb at MCP and CMC joints

NS:

  • recurrent (lateral) branch of the median nerve C5-T1
  • (deep) ulnar nerve C7-T1
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25
Abductor Pollicis Brevis (superficial)
O: flexor retinaculum + tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium R: distally I: lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb A: abducts the thumb at the MCP and CMC joints NS: recurrent (lateral) branch of the median nerve C5-T1
26
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O: - pisiform + pisohamate + pisometacarpal ligaments + tendon of FCU R: distally I: medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger and DDE A: abducts 5th finger + assists flexion of 5th MCP joint NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C7-T1)
27
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
O: hook of hamate + flexor retinaculum R: distally I: base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger A: flexes 5th MCP NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1
28
Opponens Digiti Minimi
O: hook of hamate + flexor retinaculum R: distally I: medial aspect of the 5th MC A: opposition of the 5th finger NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1
29
Palmaris Brevis
O: medial border of palmar aponeurosis + front of flexor retinaculum R: medially I; skin on medial border of the hand A: wrinkles skin on medial aspect of hand + assists thumb in producing a good grip NS: superficial branch of the ulnar nerve (C7-T1)
30
Dorsal Interossei
4 bipennate muscles O: sides of adjacent metacarpals R: distally I: DDE and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4 A: - abduction and flexion of MCPs of digits 2-4 - extension of IPs NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1
31
Palmar Interossei
4 unipennate muscles O: palmar surface 1st (often rudiementary), 2nd, 4th and 5th MC shafts R: distally I: DDEs and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 1,2,4,5 A: - adduction + flexion of MCPs - extension of IPs NS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1
32
Lumbricals
lateral 2: (unipennate) O = lateral side of lateral FDP tendon on digits 2 & 3 I = lateral edge DDEs at base of proximal phalanx medial 2: (bipennate) O = adjacent FDP tendons on digits 3,4,5 I = lateral edge of DDEs at base of proximal phalanx A: flexion MCPs and extension IPs NS: lateral 2 = median nerve C5-T1 medial 2 = deep branch of the ulnar nerve C7-T1
33
Joint classification of the radial carpal joint
synovial ellipsoidal joint
34
axis of movement of RC joint
2 DFs: flexion/extension + rad/ulnar deviation
35
Articular surfaces of the RC joint
- scaphoid & lunate + distal radius = laterally - triquetral + medial joint capsule - lunate + articular disc
36
Describe the distal radius
with the ulnar disc, makes a biconcave articular surface divided by a low ridge into: - lateral triangular area to articulate with scaphoid - medial quadrangular area for articulation with lunate
37
Describe the features of the articular disc and its attachments
- Triangular fibrocartilage disc - thicker on its peripherally - articulates proximally with the head of ulna and distally with lunate attachments: - lateral side of the base of the ulnar styloid - sharp inferior edge of ulna notch on radius Function: - principle structure uniting the radius and ulna - increases stability at the joint
38
Ligaments of the RC joint
``` Palmar radiocarpal Palmar ulnocarpal Dorsal Radiocarpal Ulnar collateral carpal ligament radial collateral carpal ligament ```
39
Describe the attachments and function of the palmar radiocarpal ligament
anterior edge of radius to anterior surface of the proximal row of carpals + capitate limits extension of the RC joint
40
Describe the attachments and function of the palmar ulnocarpal ligament
anterior edge of articular disc + base of ulnar styloid to anterior surface of proximal carpal bones limits extension at the RC joint
41
Describe the attachments and function of the Dorsal Radiocarpal ligament
posterior edge of the radius to the posterior surface of the scaphoid + lunate + triquetral limits flexion at the RC joint
42
Describe the attachments and function of the ulnar collateral carpal ligament
rounded cord from the ulnar styloid process to the base of pisiform + triquetral limits radial deviation at the RC joint
43
Describe the attachments and function of the radial collateral carpal ligament
from tip of radial styloid to lateral side of scaphoid + trapezium limits ulnar deviation at the RC joint
44
Joint classification of the midcarpal joint
complex synovial
45
axis of movement of the MC joint
2 planes
46
articular surfaces of the MC joint
Laterally: - scaphoid articulates with trapezium + trapezoid - slightly convex distally Medially: - scaphoid + lunate + triquetral articulate with capitate and hamate - concave distally
47
Ligaments of the MC joint
Palmar intercarpal ligament Dorsal intercarpal ligament Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament
48
Describe the attachments and function of the Palmar intercarpal ligament
aka radiate capitate ligament from bones of proximal row predominately to the capitate reinforce joint capsule and stabilize the joint
49
Describe the attachments and function of the dorsal intercarpal ligament
between bones of proximal and distal rows of carpals reinforce capsule and stabilize the joint
50
Describe the attachments and function of the radial collateral ligament of midcarpal joint
strong band passing from scaphoid to trapezium continutation of radial collateral carpal ligament of RC joint Reinforce the capsule and stabilizes the joint
51
Describe the attachments and function of the ulnar collateral ligament
from triquetral to hamate continuation of ulnar collateral carpal ligament of RC joint reinforce the capsule and stabilize the joint
52
ROM of wrist flexion
``` total = 85 RC = 50 MC = 35 ``` limited by: - dorsal radiocarpal ligament - posterior capsule - apposition of proximal carpus against radius - wrist and finger extensors
53
ROM of wrist extension
``` total = 85 RC = 35 MC = 50 ``` limited by: - palmar radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments - anterior capsule - apposoition of proximal carpus against radius - wrist and finger flexors
54
ROM of radial deviation
``` total = 15 RC = 7 MC = 8 ``` limited by: ulnar collateral ligament bony apposition of scaphoid against the radial styloid
55
ROM of ulnar deviation
``` total = 40-45 RC = 30 MC = 15 ``` limited by: - radial collateral ligament
56
joint classification of the 1st CMC
synovial saddle joint
57
articular surfaces of the 1st CMC
trapezium = convex medial to lateral + concave palmar to dorsi base of 1st MC = reciprocal shape covered in HC
58
ligaments of 1st CMC
radial carpometacarpal ligament | anterior + posterior oblique ligaments
59
Describe the attachments and function of the radial carpometacarpal ligament of the 1st CMC
from the lateral adjacent surfaces of trapezium and 1st MC reinforces the capsule and stabilizes the joint
60
Describe the attachments and function of the anterior and posterior oblique ligaments of the 1st CMC
from the anteiror/posterior surface of the trapezium, to medial side of 1st MC ``` limits flexion (posterior) limits extension (anterior) ```
61
movements of the 1st CMC
flexion and extension = 40-50 - concave on convex abduction/adduction = 80 - convex on caoncave
62
Phases of opposition
phase 1 = abduction phase 2 = flexion and medial rotation phase 3 = adduction (depending on where it wants to go)
63
2nd to 5th CMC joints classification
synovial plane joints
64
articular surfaces of the 2nd-5th CMC joints
2nd CMC = 2nd MC with trapezoid + little capitate + trapezium 3rd CMC = 3rd MC with capitate 4th CMC = 4th MC with hamate and little capitate 5th CMC = 5th MC with hamate
65
Ligaments of the 2nd 5th CMC joints
dorsal carpometarcarpal ligaments palmar carpometacarpal ligaments interosseous ligaments of CMC role of all = reinforce capsule and stabilizes the joints limited movement available at CMC joint
66
joint classificaiton of the MCP joint
synovial condyloid
67
axis of movement of MCP joints
transverse and Ap
68
Articular Surfaces of the MCP joints
rounded head of MC = convex base of proximal phalanx = concave covered in HC fibrocartilaginous plate present known as palmar ligament (increases articular area of base of proximal phalanx)
69
ligaments of the MCP joints
Palmar ligament collateral ligaments Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
70
Describe the attachments and function of the Palmar ligament of the MCP joints
a fibro cartilaginous plate increases surface area of proximal phalanx + limits extension
71
Describe the attachments and function of the collateral ligaments of the MCP joint
sides of MC heads to palmar side of the base of the proximal phalanx stabilizes the joint (tension increases during flexion)
72
Describe the attachments and function of the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
connects the four palmar ligaments of the 2nd to 5th MCP joints acts to bind the heads of the MCPs together = limiting abduction
73
Movements available at the MCP joints
Concave moving on convex Flexion = > 90 (increasing towards the little finger) extension = up to 50 abduction and adduction = 30 when MCPs positioned in extension
74
Joint classification of the IP joints
synovial hinge
75
axis of movement of the IP joints
transverse
76
articular surfaces of the IP joints
Head of proximal phalanx with base of middle phalanx head of middle phalanx with base of distal phalanx covered in HC fibrocartilaginous plate
77
Ligaments of the IP joints
Collateral ligaments | palmar ligaments
78
Describe the attachments and function of the collateral ligaments of the IP joints
attaches to the sides of the head of the most proximal phalanx to the sides of the base of adjacent phalanx tension increases during flexion
79
Describe the attachments and function of the palmar ligaments
fibro cartilaginous plate increasing surface area of base of adjacent phalanx limits extension
80
ROm available at the IP joints
``` flexion = 90-135 extension = 1-5 ```

Anatomy 2 (4 decks)

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