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Modern World History: HONORS > The World Wars > Flashcards

The World Wars Flashcards

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1
Q

WWI

Causes

A
  • Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by Serbian Nationalist
  • Austria-Hungary then sends an ultimatum but Serbia will not accept all the conditions: AUSTRIA DECLARES WAR ON SERBIA.
  • German Ultimatum to Belgium
  • British Ultimatum to Germany
  • Germany invades Belgium + British Ultimatum expires, WAR BEGINS.
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2
Q

WWI

Alliance Systems

A

Triple Entente:
- United Kingdom
- France
- Russia

Triple Alliance:
- Germany
- Austria Hungary
- Italy
- Ottoman Emp

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3
Q

WWI

Assas. Of Franz Ferdinand

A
  • Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austria throne, is assassinated by Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo.
  • The objective was to break off Austria/Hungary’s southern slavic provinces so they could be combined into a Yugoslavia (“Land of Southern SLavs”)
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4
Q

WWI

New Military Technologies

A
  • Machine Guns
  • Tanks
  • Airplanes:
    - Poison Gas
  • Howitzers
  • Flame Throwers
  • Torpedoes
  • U-Boats (German Subs)
  • Phosphorus Grenades
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5
Q

WWI

Armenian Genocide

A
  • Over 1.5 million armenians killed
  • Many more forcibly removed from their homes and country
  • Modern Turkey denies the word Genocide as an accurate description

*intentional action to destroy a people in part or in whole

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6
Q

WWI

Armistice

A
  • The Armistice was the ceasefire that ended hostilities between the Allies and Germany
  • It did not end the war, just the fighting
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7
Q

WWI

War Guilt Clause

A

“the allied and associated governments affirm and Germany accepts, the responsability of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage”
- Germany must take blame for the war
- part of the treaty of versailles

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8
Q

WWI

Treaty of Versailles

A
  • European leaders established the League of Nations
  • Germany was forced to:
    - Admit sole responsability for the war
    - Give up significant amounts of land
    - Pay billions of dollars in repairations
    - keep a small military
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9
Q

WWI

League of Nations

A
  • an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes
  • Made to prevent future conflict
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10
Q

Interwar Period

The Weimar Republic

A
  • Weimar constituiton had glaring weaknesses:
  • Reich president had extensive emergency powers
  • laws didn’t have to be constitutional in 2/3 of the parliament agreed it was ok
  • proportional rep. had a low threshold, leading to many small and extreme parties gaining entry to the Reichtag
  • chancellor could be removed without agreement of a successor
  • fundamental rights could be suspended under article 48
    - right to speedy trial, freedom of speech, press, etc.
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11
Q

Interwar Period

Italian Fascism

A

Ultranationalist:
- Italy over anything
Expansionist:
- Restore te roman empire
Racist:
- for political gain
- didn’t begin racist, but later passed laws to hurt jews
- these laws were never really enforced, just in place to be on Hitler’s good side
Caesarist:
- dictators are good
Corporatist:
- Government permissions required for almost any business activity

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12
Q

Interwar Period

German Collapse

A

Ecomonic collapse:
- Hyperinflation
- Massive unemployment
- drop in living standards
- GREAT DEPRESSION had extreme inpact because Germany was very reliant on the US

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13
Q

Interwar Period

Hitler’s Rise

A

Hitler loses presidential race, but Nazis still become majority party:
- Hitler becomes Chancellor
- Enabling act is passed…

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14
Q

Interwar Period

The Enabling Act

A

Gave Hitler the power to enact laws BY HIMSELF without the involvement of the rest of the government, setting the stage for his total takeover of Germany

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15
Q

Interwar Period

Nuremberg Laws

A
  • Law for the protection of German blood and German honor:
    - Prohibited marriages between Jews and Germans
  • Reich Citizenship Law:
    - Declared that only those of German or related blood were eligable to be Reich citizens
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16
Q

Interwar Period

Totalitarianism

A

a political system where the state or leader has total autority and controls all aspects of public and private life

17
Q

Interwar Period

Appeasement

A
  • To calm or make peace with someone by accepting their demands:
  • British Gov. accepts many demands by Germany and Italy because:
    - trauma from WWI
    - Second thoughts about Germany’s treatment in the Treaty of Versailles
    - Belief that Nazism and Fascism were a useful anti-communist strategy
18
Q

WWII

Non-Aggression Pact

A

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression pact was an agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union to split ownership of Poland and not fight each other.

19
Q

WWII

Munich Agreement

A

Agreement between Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Republic, and Fascist Italy that Germany could occupy the Sudetenland in Czeckoslovakia.
- Germany later just invades ALL of Czeckoslovakia

20
Q

WWII

Adolf Hitler

A
  • German Chancellor
  • Hatred for Jews, goal was to wipe them all out
  • Wrote Mein Kampf
21
Q

WWII

Benito Mussolini

A
  • Italian Dictator
  • His takeover of Italy inspired Hitler
  • Later allied with Hitler
22
Q

WWII

The Holocaust

A

systematic genocide of European Jews, orchestrated by Hitler during WWII
- Some 6 million killed

23
Q

WWII

Allied/Axis Powers

A

Allies:
- UK
- US
- Soviet Union
- Republic of China
Axis:
- Nazi Germany
- Empire of Japan
- Kingdom of Italy

24
Q

WWII

Blitzkrieg

A

German war strategy in which they utilized short, fast, powerful attacks using speed to surprise the enemy
- lightning war
- made possible in part by the use of methampetamines

25
Q

WWII

Total War

A
  • ANY and ALL civilian resources are legitimate military targets
  • ALL of the resources of society were used for the war
  • Priority was given to te war effort over non-combatant needs (rationing)
26
Q

WWII

Imperial Japan

A

Expansion:
- Adapted western imperialism
- annexed Korea
- faced economic problems
- needed raw materials and markets for industries
- geographically small (growing pop, needed land)
- Japan seizes Manchuria (China)
- Japan seizes most of Eastern China + WANTS MORE

27
Q

WWII

Nuremberg Trials

A
  • Series of military tribunals held by the allies
  • prominent members of Nazi Germany were tried for the Holocaust and other war crimes
    - Guilty until proven innocent
  • half of those convicted were executed
28
Q

WWII

Atomic Bomb

A
  • United States developes an extremely deadly and powerful Atomic Bomb
  • Truman orders for one bomb to be dropped on Hiroshima and the other on Nagasaki
  • They are given the opportunity for their miliatry to surrender, and when they do not, the bombs are dropped
    - First Hiroshima, three days later, Nagasaki
  • Bombs were so deadly, Japan surrenders
29
Q

WWII

United Nations

A
  • goal was to prevent another world conflict
  • major founding members:
    - US
    - France
    - Great Britain
    - USSR
30
Q

EQ 1

What was the role of imperialism and nationalism in fueling conflict among European nations?

A
  • Serbian nationalism (WWI)
    - Nationalist group “black hand” coordinates the assault of arch duke ferdinand, starting conflict which led to WWI
  • Ultranationalism in Nazi germany and fascist italy
    - Nazi germany had ultranationalistic views which led to it’s greed for expansion and erradication of the jews and eventually, WWII
31
Q

EQ 2

How did the social, political, and economic conditions following WWI contribute to the rise of totalitarian governments?

A
  • Weimar Republic (Interwar period)
    - Germany goes into an economic decline, leaving many poor and homeless
    - Hitler and the nazi party promise to help the people and bring them out of this crash, leading to their gain in support.
  • Preexisting antisemetic beliefs withing the german society,
    - Because there were these preexisting beliefs, Hitler was quick to gain support in his view that Jews should be erradicaed from german society.
32
Q

EQ 3

What is the relationship between war and technology?

A
  • War can influence technology, but technology can also influence war:
    - Machine gun: forced soldiers to use different techniques on the battlefield, highlighting the necessity for trench warfare and stretching out the time span of WWI, as it was nearly impossible for an army to make offensive strikes.
    - Atomic Bomb: was created as a means to end WWII. The deadly bombs were used on both Hiroshima and Nagasaki, wiping out hundreds of thousands of people, and causing mass radiation and destruction to the immediate and surrounding areas.
33
Q

EQ 4

Can a peace process causes conflict?

A
  • Treaty of Versailles:
    - put Germany at an economic disatvantage, limiting it’s land and power, which led to Germany wanting revenge on the other European countries.
    - Munich agreement/ appeasement in general:
    - munich agreement: allows Germany to take control of the Sudetenland in Czeckoslovakia if they don’t invade the whole country…Hitler later violates
    - other invasion and red flags are also ignored in hopes that Germany wont begin a war, but this just fuels hitler due to the fact that he is not being punished.
34
Q

EQ 5

Why are minority groups often exploited and victimized by their societies?

A
  • They have less power in gov, legal system, and financial system (less power in the places that matter)
  • Usually they have an apparent difference: appearance, religion, beliefs, wealth
    - Armenian Gencocide: after the turks take over the ottoman empire, they wish to erradicate anyone who is not like them, so they begin to mass murder the Armenians
    - Holocaust: Hitler and the Nazi party systematically erradicate Jews living in/around Germany in order to “purify” the german race and leave only “Aryans”
35
Q

EQ 6

What techniques are used to make effective propaganda?

A
  • Bandwagon: showing you what you’re missing out on in hopes you will “hop in the bandwagon”
  • Emotional plea: showing something that will make you feel an intense emotion and inspire you to join the cause
  • Testimonial/Transfer: showing a celebrity endorcing the product and/or effort to convince you that if they support it, you should too
  • Name calling: talking bad about/ depicting the opponnent in a negative/ evil way to get you to dislike them.

Modern World History: HONORS (4 decks)

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