The Working Memory Model Flashcards
What did Baddeley and Hitch (1974) believe?
Memory is not just one store but multiple stores
What did Baddeley and Hitch (197) focus on long term memory or short term memory?
Short term memory
What did Baddeley and Hitch (1974) believe about the STM?
That it is a unitary store
What did Baddeley and Hitch (1974) believe about the LTM?
More passive store that hold previous learned materials for the use by the STM when needed
What is the working memory model (WMM)?
- Explanation of how STM is organised and how it function
- Works its the active mind
Who proposed the working memory model?
Baddeley and Hitch (1974)
What are the four different stores of the working memory model?
- Centra executive
- Episodic buffer
- Visuo-spatial sketchpad
- Phonological loop
- Long-term memory
What is another name for ‘store’ in the working memory model?
Slave system
What is the 1st slave system?
Phonological loop
What is the 2nd slave system?
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
What is the 3rd slave system?
Episodic buffer
What is the main purpose of the central executive?
- Receive info from the slave systems and long terms memory and perception
- Then sift, sort and combine this info until decision reached
- Reasoning and decision making
What is the main purpose of the phonological loop?
To hold and rehearse any words that are currently being considered
What is the phonological loop also know as?
Inner ear
What does the phonological loop consist of?
- Phonological store
- Articulatory process
What is the purpose of the phonological store?
-Store the words you hear
What is the purpose of the articulatory process?
Allows the mainlanders rehearsal (repeating sounds in the MWW in order to keep them)
What is the main purpose of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
To hold static images and to manipulate them
What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad also know as?
Inner eye
What is the visuo-spatial sketchpad divided into?
- Visual cache
- Inner scribe
What is the purpose of the visual cache in the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
Stores visual data
What is the purpose of the inner scribe in the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
Records arrangement of objects in the visual field
What is the main purpose of the episodic buffer?
- Temportay store for information received yet he central executive -Maintain a sense of time frequency
- Link to the LTM to wider cognitive processes
What is the capacity of the central executive?
Limited
What is the coding of central executive?
-Modality free
What is the capacity of the phonological loop?
2 seconds’ worth of information
What is the coding of the phonological loop?
Acoustic
What is the capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
3-4 objects
What is the coding of the visua-spatial sketchpad?
Visual
What is the capacity of the episodic buffer?
Limited - about 4 chunks
What is the coding of the episodic buffer?
Modality free
What did Shallice and Warrington (1970) do?
- Case study
- Patient KF
- Poor STM ability for verbal info
- Could process visual info normally
What did Shallice and Warrington (1970) conclude?
- Phonological loop had been damaged
- Suggest separate visual and acoustic stores
What is the disadvantage of case studies?
Unique cases of patients who have had a traumatic experience
What store does Baddeley et al (1975) support?
Visual-spatial sketchpad
What did Baddeley et al (1975) find?
Found participants had more difficulty doing two visual tasks than doing a visual and verbal task at the same time
What did Baddeley et al (1975) suggest why it is harder to complete two visual tasks at the time?
-Due their being limited recourses but when doing a visual and verbal task at the same time there is no competition so there is evidence of visuo-spatial sketchpad
Why is there a lack of clarity of the central executive a limitation?
As not enough explanation on its specific job, WMM isn’t fully explained
Does the work of Baddeley et al (1975) support the phonological loop as well as the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
Yes
How does Baddeley et al (1975) research support the phonological loop?
People have difficulty remembering a list of long words due to the limited capacity for rehearsal in the articulatory process but disappears if a person is given a repetitive task (Word length is important)
Is the WMM supported by cognitive psychologists?
No
Does brain scanning studies support the WMM?
Yes
Who studied into the working memory model using brain scanning techniques?
Bravel et al (1997)
What did Braver et al (1997) do?
Prefrontal cortex increased in activity when task became harder showing the central executive increase in in activity
