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AQA Psychology - Memory > Improving the Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony: Cognitive Interview > Flashcards

Improving the Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony: Cognitive Interview Flashcards

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1
Q

Who claimed that the eyewitness testimony could be improved?

A

Fisher and Geiselman

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2
Q

When did Fisher and Geiselman propose the cognitive interview?

A

1992

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3
Q

What are four aspects of the cognitive interview?

A
  • Report everything
  • Reinstate the context
  • Reverse the order
  • Change perspective
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4
Q

What does reporting everything mean in terms of cognitive interviews?

A

Witness encouraged to include every detail of an event (even if thought irrelevant)

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5
Q

Why is it important to get the witness to report everything during an interview?

A
  • As thought to be irrelevant details oiled be very important
  • May trigger other memories
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6
Q

What does reinstate the context mean in terms of cognitive interviews?

A
  • Witness encouraged to return to original crime scene in their ‘mind’
  • Encourage thought of emotions, and the environment
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7
Q

Why is it important to get the witness to reinstate the context during an interview?

A
  • Context-dependent forgetting

- Cues from context may trigger recall

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8
Q

What does changing the perspective mean in terms of cognitive interviews?

A

Witness recalls the incident from other people’s point of view

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9
Q

Why is it important to get the witness to change the perspective during an interview?

A

Prevents the influence of expectation and schema recall

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10
Q

What is a schema?

A
  • Packages of information developed through experience

- Generate a framework for interpreting incoming information

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11
Q

What does reverse order mean in terms of cognitive interviews?

A

Events are recalled in different chronological order

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12
Q

Why is it important to get the witness to reverse the order of the event during the interview?

A
  • Prevents people using their expectations of how the event happened
  • Prevents dishonesty
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13
Q

Who enhanced the cognitive interview?

A

Fisher et al

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14
Q

When did Fisher et al enhance the cognitive interview?

A

1987

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15
Q

What were the new enhances of the cognitive interview due to Fisher et al (1987)?

A
  • Social dynamics of interaction (e.g knowing when to make eye contact etc.)
  • Reducing the eyewitnesses anxiety
  • Minimising distractions
  • Getting witness to speak slowly
  • Asking open-ended questions
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16
Q

Did Milne and Bull (2002) research support or hinder CI?

A

SUPPORT

17
Q

What did Milne and Bull (2002) find?

A

-Each individual aspect of CI were equally valuable

18
Q

Why may Milne and Bull (2002) also be used to suggest that the whole CI doesn’t have to be carried out?

A

-Found that ‘report everything’ and ‘ context reinstate’ produced better recall than any other technique individually

19
Q

What type of analysis did Kohnken et al (1999) do?

A

Meta-analysis

20
Q

Did Kohnken et al (1999) research support CI or enhance CI?

A

Enhanced CI

21
Q

What did Kohnken et al (1999) do?

A
  • 50 studies

- Enhance CI showed to produce more correct information than standard interview by the police

22
Q

Does Kohnken et al (999) show the practical application of CI?

A

Yes, you can use them in police interviews

23
Q

Why is CI time-consuming?

A
  • More time need to establish rapport

- Special training (which some force have only had a few hours to learn so they may not have been taught properly)

24
Q

What may be different from each research study into CI?

A

Using different variations of CI

25
Q

Why may different variations of CI be a problem?

A
  • Unreliable research

- Difficult to draw a general conclusion

26
Q

What were the findings of Kohnken et al (1999)?

A
  • 81% showed increase in correct information

- 61% showed increase in incorrect information

27
Q

What does the findings of Kohnken et al (1999) suggest about information from CI?

A
  • Police should use CI

- BUT take information with caution

AQA Psychology - Memory (9 decks)

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