The working memory model Flashcards
What is the central executive?
The central executive supervises and coordinates information to and from the slave systems. It can do duel tasks (audio and visual/spatial). It also decides which peices of information to focus on. also deals with cognitive tasks such as mental arithmetic and problem solving. It has a very limited capacity.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTp8hDdeobQ
What is the episodic buffer?
It receives input from many sources and temporarily stores the information in order for it to integrate (combine) it to construct a mental episode of what is being experienced right now, which it then later moves into LTM. In order to do this it has both visual and ecoustic properties. The episodic buffer can also hold information from long term memoy temporarily.
What is the phonological loop?
It encodes speech and sound. It involves maintenance rehearsal (repeating words over and over again). The phonological loop is divided into two subdivision:
*The phonological store (the inner ear)
*The articulatory process (the inner voice)
Information is passed between these two stores.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zF15C3vnIw
What is the Visio-spatial sketchpad?
It encodes visual information. It is divided into two subdivision:
*The visual cache (stores information)
*The inner scribe (spatial relations)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BeuWVWEW4bI
What is the working memory model (WMM)?
It is an explanation of short-term memory (STM) based on four components, some with storage capacity.
What did Baddeley and Hitch develop and when?
The Working Memory Model (1974)
What did the Working Memory Model propose?
It proposed that STM is made up of several different stores:
*At the center is the central executive (attention) It has a limited capacity and controls to ‘slave’ systems either side of it, which also have limited capacity.
*On one side you have the articulatory-phonological loop. This holds the speech-based information. It contains a phonological store (the inner ear) and an articulatory process (the inner voice).
*Next, you have the visuo-spatial sketchpad. This deals with the temporary storage of visual and spatial information.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xwNFb9tsxg
What did Baddeley and Hitch base there model on?
Results from studies that used interference tasks.
According to the Working Memory Model how can performance be affected when trying to complete two tasks?
*If participants are asked to perform two tasks simultaneously that share the same system, there performance will be affected. This is because the loops have limited capacity so it cant cope with both tasks. *However if two tasks involve different systems, performance isn’t affected.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qI_THF4GUI
What did Shallice and Warrington do and when?
They found support for the Working Memory Model through there case study of KF (1974)
Who was KF?
KF was a brain damaged patient who had impaired STM. His problem was with immediate recall of words presented verbally, but not with visual information. This suggested he had an impaired articulary loop.
Draw the working memory model
When was the episodic buffer added?
The episodic buffer was added later to the Working Memroy Model in 2000
What is the articulatory loop/Articulatory control process (inner voice)?
Linked to speech production. It subconsciencsly rehearses words that are heard or seen (from the phonological store) by playing them on a loop. It may also store this information. It has a limited capacity.
What is the phonological store (inner ear)?
Linked to speech perception. It stores information in speech-based form (i.e. spoken words) for 1-2 seconds.
What is the inner scribe?
deals with spatial information and body movements.
rehearses information from the visual cache and transfers this information to the central executive.
