The work of Sir Evelyn Baring Flashcards
What was Baring determined to improve in Egypt?
What form of controls did he place over finance in Egypt?
How did he achieve the entire aim of British occupation by 1887?
How much of government spending did Baring use on debt repayment during his time in power?
-Baring was sure of British superiority over others and was determined to improve Egypt’s agriculture.
-Baring instituted stringent financial controls in Egypt and cut public spending.
-The government was solvent by 1887, achieving the entire aim of British occupation.
-Debt repayment was half of government spending under Baring.
What did he limit gov’t budgets to in Egypt?
What did he refuse to fund which angered Egyptians? Raise fees for?
What did he spend millions of pounds lent by the London Convention to Egypt on?
Did Baring make the tax system fairer to peasants? What did this hold back?
-The budget was limited to debt repayments, military spending against the mahdi and to agricultural improvement there was little money for anything else.
-He refused to fund secondary education and raised fees for primary education, believing that too much progress would disrupt the social order.
-Baring spent millions of pounds that the London Convention had lent to Egypt in 1885 on irrigation and clearing draining channels in the Nile’s flood plains.
-Baring did not make the tax system fairer to peasants despite many thinking that it was necessary as he feared upsetting large landowners.
-This held agriculture back.
What did Baring fail to acknowledge was developing in Egypt in the late 19th century?
Although nationalists were crushed after Arabi was exiled whose death reignited the cause?
What made Baring naive to Fellahin nationalism?
How did Baring leave Egypt in 1907?
-The biggest weakness was Barings underestimation of the developing nationalism in Egypt at the end of the 19th century.
-Nationalists were crushed after Arabi was exiled but the cause grew after Tewfik died in 1892 and his less compliant replacement came into power.
-Baring was oblivious to fellahin nationalism as he believed that they would be grateful for his agricultural work and not worry about the lack of tax reform or education.
-Baring left in 1907 with Egypt solvent but with nationalism growing in all levels of Egyptian society.
What did Baring profess the superiority of?
Who did Baring place any blame of nationalism on?
Did work within the time he was given?
What did land & tax officials argue would be needed to prevent rebellion and promote agricultural investment?
During 1882-1902 what % of government revenue was devoted to agriculture and hydraulic improvements under the Public Works Department?
-Baring professed the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon.
-Baring placed the blame of nationalism on the Khedive.
-Not quiet. Baring extended his brief more than London wished but they did nothing to restrain him.
-Land and tax officials argued the tax system should be immediately equalised to prevent rebellion and to promote agricultural investment by peasant farmers to improve output.
-1882-1902 8% of government revenue was devoted to agriculture and hydraulic improvements under the Public Works Department
