The Veiled protectorate and British liberalism collapse Flashcards
What is the ‘Veiled Protectorate’?
Which nations emergence of radical islam convinced Britain it would be dangerous to withdraw from Egypt?
Who resigned from their post as Governor General of Sudan after Ismail Pasha was toppled?
What occurred after his resignation?
What Jihadist emerged in 1881?
Who led a force of Egyptians against the Jihadi’s forces and lost?
-The Veiled protectorate is the name given to Britain’s effective control of Egypt between 1882 and 1914 using the fiction that they were at the request of the khedive.
-The emergence of radical islam in the Sudan convinced Britain that it would be dangerous to withdraw.
-Charles Gordon had been appointed governor general of Sudan but had resigned after Ismail was toppled.
-Order broke down and the slave trade surged in Sudan soon afterwards.
-The jihadist Mahdi emerged in 1881.
-Sir William Hicks’ force was destroyed by Mahdist forces.
How large was Sir William Hicks’ force? How many survived the attack?
What year did he lead his expedition?
How much did it cost the Egyptian gov’t to maitain garrissions in Sudan annually?
What did the Mahdi of Sudan use to attract supporters for his cause?
Was Sudan of huge interest to Britain?
-His force had 7,000 infantry and 1,000 calvary.
-All but 300 were killed by mahdist forces.
-1883.
-Maintaining garrisons in Sudan was costing the Egyptian government was costing the Egyptian government over 100,000 Egyptian pounds per year.
-Ahmad Mahdi of Sudan was a charismatic leader who capitalised on Sudanese resentment about Egyptian taxes and authority, his support grew rapidly.
-NO.Sudan was of little interest to British imperialists but London would not allow Egypt to fall to the Mahdi as Egypt did matter to Britain.
How did an attack on the slave trade by Gordon affect Sudanese society?
-Between 1882-1914 how many occassions did the British gov’t announce their intentions to withdraw from Egypt?
-An attack on slave traders by Gordon left an important gap in traditional society by removing the only local leaders who might have provided effective opposition to mahdist forces.
-Between 1882 and 1914, the British government announced its intention to withdraw from Egypt on no fewer than 66 separate occasions.
What political commitment of Gladstone’s split the liberal party?
Was Lord Salisbury a jingoist? What was he not prepared to do?
What threat was he aware of?
What agreement had Britain arranged with other powers regarding the entering of Egypt? Why did this collapse?
Subsuquently how did Salisbury decide was the only way Egypt could be protected?
-Gladstone’s commitment to Home Rule in Ireland split the Liberal party and led to the domination of the Conservative’s for most of the 1890s.
-Conservative PM Lord Salisbury was no jingoist but he was not prepared to risk any French strategic advantage in North Africa.
-He was aware of the threat from the Mahdi.
-Britain worked with other powers to set an agreement by which Britain could re-enter Egypt if necessary .
-This collapsed when France and Russia threatened invasions of other Ottoman territory.
-This threat made Salisbury decide that Egypt could only be protected through occupation.
